Developmental state(East Asia) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Formative state(East Asia) - Essay Example After World Banks noted acknowledgment of a specific job of government mediation, it very well may be said that ‘Developmental state’ hypothesis is the focal point of the discussion (Johnson 1982; Amsden 1989; Wade 1990; Chan 1993; MacIntyre 1994; Evans 1995). For example, Korea was refered to as being one of the countries that had exceptionally Confucian qualities and was described by critical state-drove trade situated industrialization, dictatorship and political advancement which was trailed by financial turn of events. Korea is positioned among the most grown underdeveloped nations which further raised the requirement for the investigation of the reasons why East Asian nations have had the option to record such a greatness of financial development inside an extremely brief timeframe. Actually, East Asian nations improvement has been far significantly more than other creating nations especially those in Latin America, for example, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and so forth. The inquiry under scrutiny in this work is what is the ramifications of East Asian Economic Development? The significance of this inquiry is that it will reveal insight into the reasons why East Asian nations have had the option to record high financial development rate inside a brief timeframe and could uncover potential courses that other creating economies could embrace and proceed onward to a direction of higher development. The current examination will endeavor to introduce a scientific outline of the elements that caused the marvel. As will be appeared, none of the contentions that attempt to clarify the occasion are completely persuading nor are absolutely discardable in this manner reflecting fractional truth to every one of them. The Liberalist sees will in general weight on expanded market direction while Mercantilist sees underscore on proficient guideline. The current investigation will investigate the two sides of the contention utilizing a level examination structure to seek after reality. In the accompanying segment, a review

David Beckham

Comm 423 The Value of David Beckham Dik Yi Tse (230052113) Ryan Darmasubrata (230055322) The reason for this paper is to assess one of the most marvelous exchanges in the football world. The moved of David Beckham from Manchester United to Real Madrid has turning into the discussion of football fans as well as the monetary master throughout the previous 2 years. In contrast to most exchanges, the David Beckham move has reformed player move in the football world. It turned into the standing point on how football player isn't esteemed by their abilities on the field yet rather on their aptitudes outside the field. The paper will assess the reason, the reasons and the impact of the exchange dependent on both specialized and money related viewpoints. So as to assess the exchange dependent on its money related perspective, we will utilize explanatory hypothesis of creation and rivalry between firms. [pic] Variable expense fulfills the accompanying recipe: [pic] Return work: [pic] C: variable cost S: unit cost of the item K: fixed expense ?: pace of dissemination r: markdown rate T: term of the office With the equations above, we attempt to legitimize the profits of the football clubs under various condition. From the figurings, we can see the difference in income for the football clubs between fixed expenses at various degrees of market size. David Beckham David Beckham is an English footballer, generally viewed as the greatest symbol in the game. He as of now plays for Real Madrid and he is the skipper of England national group. David Beckham is particularly noted for the nature of his intersection and the capacity to hit free-kicks especially from long-range and swinging corners. He is additionally renowned for his big name way of life trappings, media consideration and promoting potential. At an early stage in his profession Beckham made sure about various rewarding sponsorship bargains including Brylcreem, Adidas, Vodafone (which finished in July 2005) and Diesel. Regardless of the USA's lopsided acknowledgment of soccer, Beckham's acknowledgment in the USA is sufficiently able to empower him to show up in print and TV promoting for different supporters, including Gillette razors. He has gotten all the more notable in North America since the achievement of the British film Bend It Like Beckham, about a British Sikh young lady who adores David Beckham and harbors desire of being a football player. David was conceived on May 2, 1975 in Leytonstone, London to Ted and Sandra Beckham. David's folks were Manchester United supporters and he went with then to a large number of the games. He finished paperwork for Manchester United as a student in July 1991 and he was instrumental in helping the club win the FA Youth Cup in May 1992, scoring in the second leg of the last against Crystal Palace. His Premier League debut in the long run came at home to Leeds United on April 2, 1995. Halfway because of wounds to key starters, David set up himself in the main group during the 1995/96 season. David's game dominating exhibitions during 1996/97 helped United to win another Premiership title and arrive at the semi-last of the UEFA Champions League. On an individual level, he was casted a ballot Young Player of the Year and second in the general Player of the Year survey. Manchester United's 1997/98 season was one to overlook as they completed second to Arsenal in the League, lost to Barnsley in the FA Cup and were taken out of the Champions League quarter-finals by Monaco. David appreciated an important second, when he was chosen for England's World Cup Finals crew. He’s been a colleague from that point forward. Beckham captained England for the first ime in a well disposed match in Italy and held the armband for the cordial with Spain and the World Cup qualifiers against Albania and Finland, against whom he scored a significant objective at Anfield. Beckham showed up for England in 2005 and is relied upon to commander the group at the 2006 World Cup in Germany. Provi ded that this is true, he would turn out to be just the 6th England player to speak to his nation at three World Cup rivalries (in spite of the fact that Sol Campbell and Michael Owen are relied upon to accomplish this accomplishment simultaneously), and the fourth (after Billy Wright, Bobby Moore and Bryan Robson) to skipper the group at more than one World Cup. Beckham is additionally a sensible contender to record 100 appearances for his nation. He captained his nation for a milestone 50th time in the cordial global against Argentina in November 2005. Beckham is one of just four players to have seemed multiple times in the Champions League. The explanations behind exchange Manchester United First explanation: David Beckham just had 2 additional years contract with Manchester United and under the Bosman rule, each player can sign another agreement with another group in the term of a half year before his agreement lapsed. On account of the proviso of the Bosman move rule, any club can get David Beckham signature without paying any expense to Manchester United, if David Beckham choose not to sign any new agreement inside the following one and a half years, Manchester United would lose their greatest resource without getting any profits. Second explanation: David Beckham relationship with his chief was in a difficult situation. David Beckham prominence has separated his focus between his activity on the field and on the runaway. With having traditionalist technique for running a football club, Sir Alex Ferguson, Manager of Manchester United had worry that David Beckham was not proceeding as best as he should. Consequently contentions had emerged in quantities of event. Third explanation: Pepsi and Adidas assumed a major job in driving David Beckham to move to Real Madrid. For Pepsi, it would be increasingly gainful for them to have David Beckham to play in Real Madrid since Real Madrid has three different players that have sponsorship manages Pepsi. In any case, the greatest impact originated from Adidas, which is the fundamental support to David Beckham. Manchester Untied is supported by Nike, Adidas greatest rivalry in the business and Real Madrid is supported by Adidas, so it would be such a great amount of better for Adidas to have David Beckham to play in Real Madrid rather than Manchester United. Fourth explanation: Manchester United needs increasingly youthful players in their crew, while the normal age of their lists has arrive at 30 years of age, Manchester United requirements to locate another potential youthful player to keep up their notoriety, the offer of David Beckham would bring the essential capital for the speculation. Genuine Madrid Real Madrid is an effective club with champion’s notoriety at their back, their beginning lineup is loaded up with headliners, subsequently their bit of leeway was additionally their greatest shortcoming. With many headliners in their group, Real Madrid has a high fixed expense in their activity, yet the vast majority of their headliners are not business. Larger part of the players are simply huge names inside the business or in the European market. Genuine didn’t have any system in the Asian and North American market at that point. With football to be the main game in Asia, Real Madrid was missing greater part of the activity. Thus in 2002/03 season, Real Madrid just spotted themselves the eighth on the rundown of the most extravagant club on the planet. Genuine Madrid expected to discover a player who might pioneer their showcasing methodology to the entire world. They are not just searching for somebody who can carry patrons to their arena, and a banner kid for the battle, yet additionally has what it takes to appear in the field. This is a definitive motivation behind why Real Madrid was resolved to get Beckham. The impacts of David Beckham to Real Madrid Real Madrid's income from club stock, for example, shirts, hopped 67 percent in Beckham's first season alone, and climbed another 6. 5 percent in the year to June. By and large business salary, which incorporates cash from manages any semblance of Siemens, Adidas and Pepsi, which have all developed in an incentive with the â€Å"Beckham effect†, presently remains at around ? 80m every year. Genuine Madrid additionally earned ? 48m (26 percent of turnover) from coordinate day pay (fundamentally ticket deals), ? 44m (24 percent) from TV, and ? 6m (8 percent) from limited time exercises, for example, rewarding abroad visits and kind disposition, which have additionally become better workers in view of David Beckham. What's more, though Real Madrid's yearly compensation bill (? 98m) presently likens to 52 percent of turnover, and is falling towards a normal proportion of 47 percent one year from now. With the monetary improvement, Real M adrid is currently the most extravagant club on the planet, beating Manchester United who won the title eighth continuous years. 2005 Football clubs income ranks[1]: 1 Real Madrid (Spain) $330 million Manchester United was No. 1 when it had David Beckham. Presently Real Madrid has him and turned into No. 1. 2 Manchester United (England) $295 million Slips out of the top spot without precedent for the nine-year history of the rankings. 3 AC Milan (Italy) $280 million Nearly 60 percent, or $165 million, of its income is from broadcasting †more than any other person. 4 Juventus (Italy) $274 million Averages just 26,600 fans yet climbs from No. 5 a year ago gratitude to a rewarding TV contract. 5 Chelsea (England) $264 million Its supernatural finance makes it No. in yearly overall deficits, which supposedly were $244 million. Assessing the exchange [pic] In deciding the avocation for the exchange, we utilize the explanatory hypothesis to demonstrate that despite the fact that Real Madrid paid a huge whole of move charge and committed to pay a significant pay to David Beckham, the securing would benefit Real Madrid more in light of the fact that the bigger market size that David Beckham can open for Real Madrid. To make the count to be exact as could be expected under the circumstances, we had made a few presumptions for the numbers utilized in the figuring. Peruser should remember that since Real Madrid is a private association, it is exceptionally elusive the real information about their present and past fiscal reports. All things considered, we gave a valiant effort to introduce the numbers as it would introduce the genuine case situation. Fixed cost (K), be

Mind Mapping for Teachers Tips, Tools, and Lesson Plans

Mind Mapping for Teachers Tips, Tools, and Lesson Plans Thousands of teachers all over the world already use and teach mind mapping in their classrooms. As one of the most effective learning techniques, mind mapping can help students take better notes, improve comprehension, and foster creativity. Research from author and visual-thinking expert Nancy Margulies found that when children learn to write down concepts on lined paper rather than visualize those concepts mentally, their creativity begins to fade. Mind mapping helps students reignite their creativity, promoting ideas through association, and introducing an engaging, visual, and memorable approach to learning. In this guide to mind mapping for teachers, we’ll provide an example mind map lesson plan you can use to teach your students the basics of mind mapping, offer four example mind mapping activities you can do in class, and even show you how you can use mind maps every day in the classroom to make your lessons more interactive and engaging. Table of Contents: The Best Mind Mapping Tool An Example Mind Map Lesson Plan Mind Mapping Activities for Students Examples of Mind Mapping for Teachers The Best Mind Mapping Tool for Teachers and Students MindMeister is an excellent mind mapping tool for teachers and students. Here are some of the benefits of using MindMeister to build mind maps in an educational setting: It’s an online tool that lets students collaborate with their teachers and peers and doesn’t require any special software to be downloaded to a student or school computer. It arranges bubbles neatly as they’re added, so there’s no need to draw and redraw mind maps over and over again due to the confines of a sheet of paper. Students can add images and links to their mind maps, making it easier for them to collect all of their notes and sources in one place. Took the students less than 5 minutes to become familiar with @mindmeister to mind map out their personalities traits this week #edtech I recommend it to educators needing a tool to quickly categorize, organize, brainstorm or conceptualize with their students â€" John Allan (@mrpottz) January 21, 2018 We offer a free-forever plan that teachers and students can use to build mind maps. Or if you need more features or plan to use mind maps as a core part of your school’s curriculum, you can sign up for one of our education plans that start at $0.99/user per month. Get MindMeister in Your Classroom Learn more Learn more Use This Mind Map Lesson Plan to Teach Mind Mapping If you want a simple way to teach mind mapping to your students, you could simply walk your class through our Mind Mapping 101 course, a 50-minute, 10-lesson collection of tutorials that will help everyone get familiar with the basics of mind mapping. But if you want to take a more interactive approach, use this example mind map lesson plan. Step 1: Start by building a mind map as a class During class, begin by writing “I work best when…” in the center of the board. Get the ball rolling with a few examples: “I work best when I’ve recently played a sport,” or “I work best when I’ve sketched out my ideas using colorful pens.” Write each example on a new line that connects it to the center. Next, invite your students to provide suggestions and add them to the board as they are given, connecting each suggestion to the center with a new line. You’ll soon end up with a basic mind map. If your students have used mind mapping before, they may recognize the format. If not, introduce the concept and discuss some of the benefits with them. On the projector, you could also share some examples of how students can use mind mapping in class to take notes, when brainstorming for an essay or project, or at home while reading or studying. Check out our student’s guide to mind mapping for lots of relevant examples to share. Step 2: Make a dreaded assignment easier with mind maps Students often dread writing essays, so they’re sure to be grateful for learning a new trick that will make the task easier. As it so happens, one of the best uses of mind mapping is for essay writing. Using mind maps, students can easily brainstorm ideas for the topic of their essay; they can collect arguments, quotes, and other information from various sources; and they can visually outline the structure of their essays. Introducing @mindmeister to help my students stay organized and be creative during brainstorming activities! #psstech â€" Connie Conner (@stallionccc87) March 30, 2017 Students are sure to warm up to the mind mapping technique once they see how much easier it is to write an essay when they’ve first visualized all of their arguments and created a proper structure for them. We’ve put together a step-by-step guide on essay writing with mind maps that you can study before introducing the ideas to your class or share with your students. Step 3: Have students create a mind map for homework Assess pupil progression by setting your students the task of creating their own mind map for homework using a home or school-library computer. Building a mind map for simple brainstorming is a good way to get them started as there are no right or wrong ideas and students are completely free to note down any and all thoughts related to the topic they are given. If you’re planning on giving students a writing assignment about a certain topic, ask them to brainstorm ideas for the essay in a mind map first. 4 Example Mind Mapping Activities for Students If you aren’t planning to have your students write an essay anytime soon, that’s okay. You can simply substitute step two of your mind map lesson plan with any of the mind mapping activities for students below, many of which were recommended by teachers in the MindMeister community. 1. Revision mind map A few weeks or months after introducing students to a new topic is the perfect time to do a quick review of what you’ve learned so far in order to deepen students’ understanding of the material and help them memorize it long-term. Creating a revision mind map is perfect for this purpose. I mentioned the fantastic @mindmeister to a few colleagues just the other day. Walking past a classroom today and an excited teacher calls me in to show the excellent revision map her class had produced. #edtech #Impressive pic.twitter.com/FdX0eSCmjO â€" Stephen Wiles (@musictheoryguy) May 21, 2019 At the beginning of class, ask your students to open a new, blank mind map in MindMeister and write your subject and the year in the center of the map. If you’re covering a specific theme or subject area this year, they can write that in the center topic as well. Now, give students five minutes to create a mind map of the material you’ve covered so far. The structure of the map is not important at this point. Instead, students should do a kind of brain-dump where they let their thoughts flow freely and simply note down anything they can remember. They may end up with something like this: When the five minutes are over, project your own version of the mind map onto the screen. You can either prepare it up front or create the map live in front of the students’ eyes. Ask students to compare their brain-dump to your map, adding keywords they may have left out and rearranging their topics to fit with your structure. To finish this exercise, tell students what you will be discussing today, and show them how this new topic connects to what was covered before. Ask them to add this new topic to the mind map in the appropriate place. 2. Mind map presentation Mind maps aren’t just great for brain-dumps, they’re also fantastic presentation tools. They show how individual pieces of information are connected and let students see the bigger picture. This helps them comprehend and retain information more easily. Mindmeister helps students organize, analyze, and create! Students can also give flashy presentations as ppt alternative. #techinpedagogy â€" Gregory Foschi (@gfoschslms17) June 19, 2017 Instead of having students create slide decks for the next topic they’re going to present to the class, have them create a mind map. This will help their peers spot connections and will prevent students from just reading from a slide deck while presenting. 3. Group assignment Group assignments are supposed to encourage collaboration between students. In most cases, however, one or two students will sacrifice themselves to do all the work while the rest will just goof off and play with their phones. My Literature, Science Technology course made a collaborative map of our #bandersnatch viewing with @mindmeister, and I think its too cool. @EGLStonyBrook pic.twitter.com/JLTm3pziip â€" Jon Heggestad (@jonheggestad) June 27, 2019 Group mind mapping can change that. Tools such as MindMeister enable multiple students to all work on a mind map at the same time. In contrast to a bullet-point list or text document, everyone can easily add their own contributions to the map wherever they fit. MindMeister also offers a historical view of all of its maps, allowing you to replay the entire change history of a mind map and see exactly who contributed what and when. 4. Reading comprehension exercise Taking notes in a mind map while reading a complicated text can help students break down the information into more manageable chunks. They are able to capture thoughts and questions that arise while they’re reading, and they can visualize connections between individual arguments and facts presented to them. Using @mindmeister to organize main ideas supporting details of nonfiction articles @OrchardLaneSDNB @SDNBSchools pic.twitter.com/NOrukJZgTG â€" Jenny Schlie-Reed (@SchlieReed) April 6, 2016 A good way to ensure they capture the key points of the text is by providing them with a mind map template that they can fill in at home. A typical reading comprehension template for a novel might include branches for the main characters, themes, motives, plot points, and some background information about the book and the author. For nonfiction texts, a typical template could look something like this: Of course, the same principle can also be used to help students comprehend a complicated movie, documentary, or play. Ss using #mindmeister to create idea webs to discuss the various conflicts in The Crucible. #tech #collaboration pic.twitter.com/Y137Mimo0C â€" Jordyn Kahlbaugh (@jkahlbaugh) May 20, 2016 When they’re done, students can either share their mind maps with you (via link or email) or discuss them in a group setting in class. Mind Mapping for Teachers: 6 Ways to Use Mind Maps in the Classroom Mind mapping isn’t just an activity you teach to your students, it’s also one you can actively use every day in the classroom to improve collaboration and achievement. Students are more likely to understand and retain information when it’s displayed through a combination of words and imagery. Mind maps offer a fantastic format that combines not only words and images but also colors, a graphical structure, and other mental triggers that improve long-term memory. Here are six great ways you can use mind maps in your classroom and lessons every day. 1. Create a curriculum overview or lesson plan At the beginning of the semester, prepare a curriculum overview or lesson plan mind map that provides an introduction of all of the topics you’re planning to cover. You can also add exam dates and learning goals to the mind map and attach worksheets. Then, share this map with your students so they can use it as a guide during the semester and find out what they need to catch up on if they’ve missed a class. Just revolutionized my semester plan using MindMeister. Can even sync links to the course objectives + activities! pic.twitter.com/BjhUSPG09S â€" Melissa Davies (@MeliDavies) January 11, 2016 2. Organize and manage class projects If you’re planning a project with your students, you want to make sure everyone knows exactly what they are supposed to do. What’s more, you probably want a central place where all project-related information is stored and can easily be accessed and updated. A mind map is a great format you can use to create a visual overview of a whole project. You can add a description of the assignment, provide deadlines, add links to useful websites, embed examples, and more. 3. Create engaging presentations in less than three minutes Mind maps are a great tool to present complex concepts to your students. Drawing a mind map live in front of your students will help them follow your train of thought more easily. They will also be able to see how individual ideas are connected, and when your map is finished, they will be able to see the big picture. You can use MindMeister to put together a mind map and then simply turn it into a slideshow. The great part about this is that it takes no time at allâ€"you can create an engaging presentation in less than three minutes. Take a look at the real-time video below to see how this works: 4. Create discussion templates and foster critical thinking Create topic and discussion templates and circulate them to all of your students. These templates may either be filled in by students or used as a springboard to create their own maps. Anthony Valentin, a World History teacher at New York City’s Stuyvesant High School, says, “I often use MindMeister to elicit responses to questions posed after students had watched a film or read a document. Other students can then edit and/or substitute their own commentary.” “The goal is to get students to critically think about sources and share their thoughts. We review the work in class by projecting the mind map on a screen,” Valentin says. A6: Ss co-used @mindmeister to create a mind map that identified the components of a mystery while reading a mystery mentor text. Pairs were then able to share their maps with others in the class and leave comments/feedback. #ETCoaches #innovate28 pic.twitter.com/oETF2zBoZj â€" Tara LaCerra (@lacerrareads) January 24, 2018 5. Facilitate oral exams and lesson reviews If you want to test how much a student knows or understands about a certain topic, let them draw a mind map about it and explain it simultaneously, either on the blackboard or on a piece of paper. This will give you insight into the student’s thought process and show whether they’ve really grasped the fundamental ideas of the topic and how they’re connected. At the same time, the act of drawing the mind map will put your student’s brain into action. Instead of forgetting big chunks of information due to nervousness and stress, the mind map will help them relax and enable their brains to retrieve information more easily. My amazing DP students using a #mindmap to present #derechoshumanos #IBteachers #LISlearning pic.twitter.com/GmlarF6Wpe â€" Shei Ascencio (@Shei_Asc) November 29, 2016 6. Create games, quizzes, and questionnaires The use of mind maps isn’t limited to brainstorming and project planning. You can also use this versatile tool for games, quizzes, and questionnaires. For example, here’s a “Find the matching pairs” mind map, or check out the simple geography quiz below: There Are Lots of Ways to Use Mind Maps in the Classroom We hope you now feel ready to teach mind mapping to your students and thus provide them with a valuable skill they will benefit from for the rest of their lives. Besides essay writing, mind mapping can be helpful for all kinds of educational tasks such as note-taking, creating engaging presentations, and more. For more ideas on how to utilize mind maps in the classroom, take a look at these articles: Case Studies: Mind Mapping in the Classroom Get Inspired With These 13 Mind Map Examples 8 Lesson Ideas That Promote Lifelong Learning 8 Inspiring Examples of Educational Mind Maps Easy to Use Mind Map Templates for Teachers and Students Originally published in July 2016, this post has been updated to consolidate three blog posts into one in order to create a more comprehensive guide to mind mapping for teachers. Try Mind Mapping in Your Classroom for free for free

Descriptive Essay - Original Writing - 1285 Words

Santa Clause leaned his head against the sled, letting out a long sigh. It had been a tough evening so far. The northern hemisphere was down, but he still had one more hemisphere to go, and he had no idea what might be in store for him there. Santa’s thoughts ran to-and-fro from what if I never reach all the kids on time or what if the kids begin to lose faith in me? So, he quickly picked up his reins and gave them a slap, â€Å"whoop, whoop,† he called out to his reindeers, but exhaustion was creeping in. He noticed the fluffy clouds taking the forms of little children and candy canes, train sets, and teddy bears. His eyelids grew too heavy to keep them open, and his head dropped to one side. Santa fell into a deep slumber†¦ Slop,†¦show more content†¦Suddenly, his thoughts were awakened by a rumbling song in the distance, and the dog ran ahead. â€Å"Wait up,† Santa Clause shouted toward the direction the dog was running. He quickly hurried and came upon an old swag man sitting by the fire. Finally someone to talk to! Santa walked up to the man and began spilling his story. â€Å"Hi, I’m sure you know me, right? The outfit kind of gives it away, but anyway. My sled has crashed and lies in pieces, my reindeer have all but gone. I need water, I’m so parched. And I have no way of getting out, I’m stuck, and†¦. â€Å"Whoa, whoa, whoa. Take a breather me old mate. Let’s just begin with your name.† â€Å"What?† said Santa, â€Å"I thought we clarified that already?† Oh dear, another helpless vagabond who doesn’t know my name. â€Å"It’s Santa Clause†. â€Å"Who of what cause?† the old man said in bewilderment. â€Å"You know. S.A.N.T.A. C.L.A.U.S.E.† â€Å"Eh,† The swag man said cocking his head and levelling his eyebrow. â€Å"Oh, never mind. I’m too much in a hurry to explain. I need a sled and my reindeers to continue my journey before it is too late. Have you seen them at all?† Looking down at his time watch he exclaimed, â€Å"Golly, look at the time! It’s nearly past 1:30 am. I need supplies. Isn’t there any other village around here?† â€Å"Ay, but it’s too late for all that. I say first you just need to sit down and take a cuppa with me,† said the swag man calmly. â€Å"I don’t see all this rush in anything†. â€Å"No I cannot. There’sShow MoreRelatedDescriptive Essay - Original Writing1110 Words   |  5 PagesI don’t know how I got to where I am, but I’m here now, and I have to win if I want to live. I am in a game, and in order to live, I have to escape. That’s the thing, though: I don’t know how to escape. I was running for my life around this old house that looked like it came straight out of a horror movie. I doubled over and held my head in pain as I saw the static, which meant it was coming. I was being chased by what looked like a person but in no way acted like one. Just as it was about to appearRead MoreDescriptive Essay - Original Writing1102 Words   |  5 PagesIt is on days like this when we stop to think about our life. Small drops of rain begin to dapple the cobblestone pavement as people whip out their umbrellas for cover. I continue sauntering down the busy street, relishing the feeling of a light shower. Moving with the mass of pe destrians, I stop at a crosswalk where I wait for the stoplight to turn green. A flower shop employee across the street scurries to bring in the numerous bouquets and close the doors as rain starts rolling down the displayRead MoreDescriptive Essay - Original Writing914 Words   |  4 PagesDreamy I thought. Standing on the corner is a young guy with a smile. I see him here almost every day, so I linger for a while. He tells me his name, and I tell him mine. I m Ester, what s your name? I enquired. My names David .,He replied. We end up talking for a while and I asked him if he had ever left this city. He tells me of all these stories of the places where he s been, the distant lakes and mountains, and in valleys oh so green. I can see it in his eyes, he really has beenRead MoreDescriptive Essay - Original Writing974 Words   |  4 Pages I was used to moving round, having a mother who liked to travel more than making roots was something I had gotten used to. Still, I had never gotten used to the loneliness of an empty house when she was out exploring, or the feeling of leaving behind someone who could have meant something to me. Our most recent move was Oregon. It was pretty, and I didn’t mind it, but it was much different than Florida. Not only was it opposite sides of the country, it felt as if it were opposite worlds. InRead MoreDescriptive Essay - Original Writing1012 Words   |  5 Pageshave plenty of time in the next month to think about my feeling in regards to Kendrick. I needed to finish up the article and get it off to my editor. I should be able to get it done by tonight and send an email in the morning. I was thinking of writing my next article about the sea life around the Scottish coast. Since our salmon dinner last evening I thought I would do a piece about the commercial salmon farming that began in Scotland in 1969. In 2002 over 145,000 metric tons of farmed AtlanticRead MoreDescriptive Essay - Original Writing1561 Words   |  7 PagesThere’s something I need to say and what follows may not be something that you’d expect, it won’t be heartening or uplifting. If you remember today, I told you about going somewhere I wanted to go to†¦ I’m not sure if you believed and accepted what I now confess as untrue; it is partly. I needed to pull away emo tionally†¦ from you. You must have had fathomed that some degree of formality had seeped between us. Born of habit, formulaic greetings had become a routine. You presume that I’m a close friendRead MoreDescriptive Essay - Original Writing1387 Words   |  6 PagesI was wearing a beautiful blue dress with sapphire gems all around the chest area as I entered the ball with Ciel and Sebastian. I took a good look around here, the hallway was lined with gold. There was a servant ready to escort us to the ball room. Hello, come this way. He said, walking forward. Wow, this place is so fancy! I exclaimed, looking around. It s fake gold. Ciel bluntly replied, bringing my hopes down. I sighed. Ciel sounded like he wasn t in a very good mood. Ciel, lightenRead MoreDescriptive Essay - Original Writing1287 Words   |  6 Pages In the morning, Caireann woke me up. She stood above my bed, shaking my shoulder. I opened my eyes, looking at her. Then I looked across the room to her empty bed. Andy s empty bed sat in the corner. I swallowed, climbing out of bed. Sleep well? Caireann asked me, starting out the door. Yeah, I said, going over to our small dresser. I had the bottom two drawers. Andy had the middle two, and Caireann had the top. I pulled open the drawers, pulling on a colorful tank top and a grayRead MoreDescriptive Essay - Original Writing1345 Words   |  6 PagesLater that night, I was behind the wheel of my G-Wagon with Melissa in the passenger seat. She didn’t feel like driving since she was on the road all day and I understood so I didn’t mind when she asked me to. I had been tight-lipped. She kept eyeballing me as if she detected that something was bothering me but I just kept singing to my India Arie as if I was carefree. â€Å"So are you going to tell me what’s going on or no† Melissa said disrupting my own personal concert. I stopped singing and tookRead MoreDescriptive Essay - Original Writing1085 Words   |  5 PagesI WAS SITTING IN a taxi, wondering if I had overdressed for the evening, when I looked out the window and saw Mom rooting through a Dumpster. It was just after dark. A blustery March wind whipped the steam coming out of the manholes, and people hurried along the sidewalks with their collars turned up. I was stuck in traffic two blocks from the party where I was heading. Mom stood fifteen feet away. She had tied rags around her shoulders to keep out the spring chill and was picking through the trash

Oliver Twist Essay - 1641 Words

Charles Dickens wrote Oliver Twist, in 1883, to show the reader things as they really are. He felt that the novel should be a message of social reform. One of its purposes was to promote reform of the abuses in workhouses. In no way does Dickens create a dream world. His imagination puts together a bad place during a bad time; an English workhouse just after the Poor Law Act of 1834 (Scott-Kilvert, 48). In the first chapter of Oliver Twist, Dickens moves from comedy to pathos and from pathos to satire. He takes us from the drunken old woman to the dying mother to the hardened doctor. Such rapid switches help in all the later novels to hold together disparate effects, to provide variety and unity, and to give that double opportunity for†¦show more content†¦(Dickens, 131). Oliver escapes the situation but there is still the presence of a real threat. We are apt to forget how early-Victorian society, the society of the laissez-faire, took for granted individual conditions of privacy and isolation...It was a society where each unit, each family and household, led their secret lives with an almost neurotic antipathy to external interference (Price, 90-91). It was the age of the private gentleman who wanted nothing but to be left alone...He could ignore politics, the Press, the beggar who happened to be dying of hunger in the coach-house; he need feel no pressure of social or national existence...There has probably never been a time when England was-in the sociological phrase-less integrated.quot; (Price, 90-91). Dickens wrote in contrast to the society in which he witnessed around him. He brought together a unity of the two worlds and attempted to bring them together. This goes along with the purpose of reform in the workhouses. All these people have the same outlook and the same philosophy of life, a philosophy which that private g entleman, Fagin, sums up as looking out for number 1 (Price, 91). Dickens is unique in the way he often talks to the reader in quot;one to onequot; conversations. He does this quite frequently throughout Oliver Twist as a way of amplifying what he feels the reader should be attentive to. He also uses this technique to invoke stageShow MoreRelatedPoverty, By Oliver Twist1886 Words   |  8 Pagesthey come about always comes back and bites them. Within Oliver Twist Oliver’s background of poverty plays a major role on how he is introduced to the world and it is also a basis of his value to society and how he is treated. In the novel Oliver Twist, Dickens incorporates the theme of poverty which influences the main character’s behaviors and development throughout the novel. When the novel begins, the young orphan Oliver Twist is trapped within the miserable parish workhouse. â€Å"HeRead MoreEssay on Oliver Twist901 Words   |  4 PagesOliver Twist A Criticism of Society or a Biography With all of the symbolism and moral issues represented in Oliver Twist, all seem to come from real events from the life of its author, Charles Dickens. The novel’s protagonist, Oliver, is a good person at heart surrounded by the filth of the London streets, filth that Dickens himself was forced to deal with in his everyday life. It’s probable that the reason Oliver Twist contains so much fear and agony is because it’s a reflection of occurrencesRead MoreOliver Twist By Charles Dickens1370 Words   |  6 PagesOliver Twist was written by Charles Dickens, English writer and social critic. He is known as the greatest novelist of the Victorian era. It was his second novel and was finished in September 1838. Dickens was writing two novels at the same time, The Pickwick Papers and Oliver Twist. Oliver Twist, tells of the complicated life of an orphan, Oliver, living in the streets of London. The story was inspired by Dickens childhood poverty where he had to get by on his own and earn his own way. DickensRead MoreIrony, satire and humour in Oliver Twist1656 Words   |  7 Pageshumour in Oliver Twist. There are multiple examples throughout Oliver Twist of irony, satire and humour. Although a dark novel, there are many moments of humour and an extraordinary amount of chuckling, giggling and knee-slapping by characters. Each of the literary techniques of humour, irony and satire, employed by Dickens help add focus and depth on the various conflicts between the novels outcasts and its established society. It is impossible to cover all avenues within Oliver Twist that mightRead More Charles Dickens Oliver Twist Essay1137 Words   |  5 PagesCharles Dickens Oliver Twist The novel Oliver Twist is a criticism of the cruelty that children and poor people suffered at the hands of 19th century society. It was Dickens first novel written under his own name when he was 24 years old and in it he already reveals his sharp, but comic comments and criticism. From the start Dickens makes it clear to the reader that poor people and the children of poor people; most especially a baby born illegitimately; were of no consequence in theRead More Oliver Twist - Name Etymology Essays748 Words   |  3 PagesOliver Twist - Name Etymology Summary: Oliver Twist is a poor orphan boy cruelly treated in the public workhouse. Pennyless and hungry, he runs away to London, only to fall into the clutches of a gang of thieves and pickpockets led by the master criminal, Fagin. Befriended by a man robbed by the gang, Oliver ultimately learns his true identity and gains a new home, a fortune and a brand new family! Name Analogies: Oliver: Norman French form of a Germanic name, possibly the name Alfihar meaningRead MoreOliver Twist Essay589 Words   |  3 PagesOliver Twist Oliver Twist provides insight into the experience of the poor in 1830s England. Beneath the novels humor and dramatic plot runs an undertone of bitter criticism of the Victorian middle classs attitudes toward the poor. Dickenss Oliver Twist very vividly critisizes the legal system, workhouses, and middle class moral values and marriage practices of 1830s England. Basic Situation: Oliver Twist is born a sickly infant in a workhouse. His birth is attended by the parish surgeonRead MoreThe Genre Of Oliver Twist931 Words   |  4 PagesCameron Young 3rd English Oliver Twist Charles Dickens, Published in 1838 Genre †¢ The genre of Oliver Twist is coming-of-age Characteristics of the genre met †¢ Coming-of-age is simply the aging of the protagonist, usually going from childhood to adulthood, so the book meets the characteristic of this genre. Characteristics of the genre not met †¢ The only characteristic is showing the increase in age of the protagonist, so this book meets all the characteristics. Setting †¢ The setting is in the EnglandRead MoreLiterary Criticism of Oliver Twist Essay2020 Words   |  9 PagesLiterary Criticism of Oliver Twist Charles Dickens shows notable amounts of originality and morality in his novels, making him one of the most renowned novelists of the Victorian Era and immortalizing him through his great novels and short stories. One of the reasons his work has been so popular is because his novels reflect the issues of the Victorian era, such as the great indifference of many Victorians to the plight of the poor. The reformation of the Poor Law 1834 brings even moreRead MoreEssay On Oliver Twist2076 Words   |  9 Pages Oliver Twist Charles Dickens Honors English 10 Ms. Salsbury Ethan Wigal October 6, 2017 Charles Dickens is a famous British author known for writing many classics. He was born on February 7, 1812, in Portsmouth, England. Born to John Dickens and Elizabeth Barrow, Charles was the second child of eight. He grew up poor, eventually dropping out of school to bring in more money for his family. Dickens worked as an office boy, which helped to start his writing career. In 1836, he finally

Digitally Divided Canada Free Essays

string(163) " that individuals from both rural and urban areas tend to have the same income, the availability of computers in cities is more prevalent compared to small towns\." Presently, the world experiences a major and radical transformation primarily because of information and technological revolution. Almost everyday, history witnesses the birth of highly sophisticated gadgets and equipments that have literally altered the lives of many individuals. Nowadays, the hindrances brought about by geographical, spatial and time constraints, no longer affect mankind. We will write a custom essay sample on Digitally Divided Canada or any similar topic only for you Order Now In a blink of an eye, tasks which usually take several days or months to be accomplished can be readily addressed with just a single click. Evidently, Marshall McLuhan’s notion of the global village (Baran Davis, 2006) is no longer a theoretical argument—the global village has readily developed, thus making each and every individual, regardless of their age, social status, race and ethnicity more connected and interactive than ever. Relatively, the establishment of the information superhighway did not only increase the connectedness of different groups and communities. More than anything else, such situation is instrumental in opening the doors for various opportunities for growth and development within the national level. Canada for example, experienced a major economic shift with the introduction of Information and Communications Technology, or more popularly known s ICT (â€Å"Canada’s Journey,† 2003). A country which was once heavily dependent on its marine and agricultural resources, is now capitalizing on the benefits and advantages of their so-called â€Å"knowledge economy (â€Å"Canada’s Journey,† 2003). † As a matter of fact, the country is considered as one of the most competitive forces within the information technology industry (â€Å"Canada’s Journey,† 2003). However, while it is true that technology fueled Canada’s economic expansion, one of the pressing issues that the country needs to confront is digital divide. Digital divide is a serious social concern that cannot be simply described as a battle between those who are considered as technologically rich and technologically poor. More than anything else, the implications of digital divide tend to contribute to the worsening of the social, economic and cultural gap. These kinds of division are most especially felt between rural and urban settlers. If technology is said to govern man’s life, clearly, those who cannot fully avail of modern tools and equipment are also denied of exploiting technology’s benefits. Evidently, those that are living in the rural area are placed in very uncompromising situations in as far as being â€Å"digitally-connected† is concerned. Given this situation at hand, one may readily ask, how does digital divide affect the marginalization of rural settlers in Canada? For this particular discussion, the statistics presented in the Canadian Social Trends and The Daily was primarily used. Information in such sites is highly significant since it basically provides a wider view on how the whole Canadian populace utilizes the internet. However, the above-mentioned sites do not only dabble with internet usage alone. They also provided substantial discussions regarding the availability of personal computers in both rural and urban Canada. On the other hand, another major source that is used to support the arguments of this report is the E-government studies of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). In OECD, however, the facts presented are comparisons of internet usage in the global scale. Such information is therefore necessary to be included in this analysis since it presents an overview on how far Canada has fared when it comes to global connectedness and how its current situation contributes to the digital divide experienced by the country. In understanding digital divide in Canada, it is highly important to first understand how information technology works in the country. It is also impetus to know the percentages of individuals who can readily access to have a substantial articulation of the matter. In addition to that, the inputs from the OECD contribute in a much deeper examination of how digital divide affects not only Canada, but also in other parts of the world. This Mc Laren (2002) discussed that mostly of the individuals who own computers are located in Census Metropolitan Areas (CMA) and Census Agglomerations (CA). This is in stark contrast to those who are residing in rural and small towns. More than 50 to 60% of those living in CMAs and CAs have computers at home, whereas, only 40 to 50% of those in the rural areas posses such equipment (please refer to Figure 1 of Appendix). There are two reasons that can possibly explain this particular situation. First, it can be argued in here that urban settings can easily adapt to major technological shifts and transformations. This would not come as much of a surprise since major cities and areas are considered as the center of commerce and trade. In an area looming with various business opportunities, the use of an efficient technological platform is a must. Business endeavors that aspire to be globally competitive must take advantage of technology’s positive effects and contributions. Thus, individuals in this area become more aware about the uses and purposes of any technologically-related material. Another reason behind that is the high purchasing power of urban settlers. Suppliers of high-end technological products readily targets consumers in the city since they know that highly urbanized areas can provide them with a solid market base. On the other hand, as for the case of rural residents, digital connectedness seems to fall short. This primarily stems from the existing income discrepancies between the two groups. McLaren (2002) found out that those who earn less than $20,000 in rural areas can hardly afford to have their own computer. Only 20% (please refer to Figure 2 of Appendix) of rural settlers are capable of purchasing personal computers. However, for urban dwellers who also earn less than $20,000, more than 30% (please refer to Figure 2 of Appendix) of the population has their own computers . The same situation is reflected as for the case of those who are earning beyond $20,000. Based from a critical perspective, if Canadians in rural are literally outnumbered when it comes to having access to computers, then it is also relative that is harder for them to acquire internet access as well. While it is true that individuals from both rural and urban areas tend to have the same income, the availability of computers in cities is more prevalent compared to small towns. You read "Digitally Divided Canada" in category "Papers" This means that an urban dweller, despite of the fact that he or she earns less than $20,000, can still own a computer primarily because in the city, one can always find cheaper alternatives. Computer providers in such areas are engaged into a stiff competition that compels them to lower their prices so that they can tap their potential markets. On the other hand, the availability of computer suppliers in rural areas is less than those in highly urbanized ones. Competition is hardly felt and therefore, these suppliers can demand their prices. Relatively, computers sold in rural sectors are literally more expensive than those that are found in the city. Given this aspect at hand, if Canadians in rural areas cannot avail of the basic equipment or material used in connecting via the internet, then it would be harder for them to participate into the digital world. It would be more difficult for these individuals to be updated on recent technological trends and developments. In addition to that, the lack of computers also prevents these individuals from making the most of Canada’s robust knowledge economy. Also, it is important to note that computers nowadays cannot only assist Canadians in connecting through the internet. Computers are also instrumental in making work processes and transactions much faster and easier as compared to manual work. One must always bear in mind that digital divide does not merely focus on the capacity to connect online; it is also the ability of owning the required technological platforms or materials. In the meantime, in as far as internet access is concerned, thus, it would not come as too much of a surprise of urban households are more connected. According to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2003), from 1999 to 2001, 33. 6% of rural homes in Canada have internet connection, whereas a total of 44. 4% of urban settlers enjoy internet services (please see of Appendix). There is no doubt that the internet is a good source of knowledge and information. Relevant data and statistics found in the World Wide Web contribute to empowering and educating individuals. However, with the current situation of rural Canada, they are evidently left behind. Take for example the case of students which primarily uses the internet for research aid and purposes. The ones located in urban areas enjoy the benefits of acquiring significant facts and figures that cannot be ordinarily seen in local libraries and other academic sources. Individuals in the urban areas are also able to exploit government services via the internet. It is also important to note that online business opportunities are easily accessed by urban residents since they have the tool to do so. Apparently, the digital divide tends to exclude individuals from the rural sector from using technology to further empower themselves and seek for other opportunities for growth and development. There is an evident inequality in digital divide that basically originates from the unequal distribution of wealth and power. More than anything else, it should be always remembered that only those who have access to a wide array of providers and are financially adequate to participate into the digital arena, are the ones who are most likely to benefit from them. Relatively, these two conditions (access to providers and financial adequacy) are commonly found in metropolitan areas. Income disparity is indeed a key factor in the proliferation of digital divide and marginalization of rural Canada. As a matter of fact, one of the primary reasons that prohibit Canadians in rural areas from utilizing the internet is the â€Å"costs† associated with it (McLaren, 2002). The other reason corresponds to the absence of necessary skills and training (McLaren, 2002). In addition to that the geographical economic conditions of rural sectors in Canada are also important factors in analyzing digital divide and its implications. Transforming small towns into a digitally active community translates to building the necessary infrastructures. Thus, in as far as internet and communication providers are concerned; an area should be highly feasible for business operations and profitability before they finally consider the idea of building internet-related structures (Siegan Walzer, 2003). Unfortunately, if the concerned area does not qualify to the business needs of providers, then digital connectedness is less likely to grow and flourish. Not unless the Canadian government creates yet another solid and concrete plan to establish technological infrastructures in rural domains, then people living in these areas would remain digitally left behind. The effects of digital divide in rural Canada however cannot be only felt on the economic disadvantages of rural residents. Aside from the tacit or unconscious information monopoly of those that are technologically rich, there is also an apparent exclusion of the technologically inept from participating in issues that require utmost concerns (Jones, 2003). For how can somebody participate if he or she is not well-informed? Aside from that, rural residents are somehow denied of articulating their interests, views and opinions. It is no secret that the internet provides forums and sites wherein participants can express their sentiments and generate possible solutions. It is through the net that groups with similar orientations converge. However, it is pretty difficult for rural settlers to be involved if in the first place, they are not that digitally connected. Another thing to be considered is that the digital divide tends to delimit rural Canada from availing the services of the government on an easier pace (Marshall, Taylor Yu, 2003). The government use of internet is indeed commendable. However, this would be still useless if not the majority of the populace can readily utilize it. Digital divide between urban and rural residents require immediate action. The opportunities brought forth by technology should not be limited into very few hands. If there is anyone who must be technologically empowered, it is no other than the ones in rural settings primarily because they are the ones who really need it, not the other way around. In as much as technological infrastructures are progressively established in urban areas, then more efforts should be exerted in the rural sectors. How to cite Digitally Divided Canada, Papers

To review challenges faced by informal carers

Question: Provide a rationale for the chosen focus of the review highlighting the professional, clinical and conceptual relevance of your review question. This section should clearly articulate the aspect of practice that will be at the centre of the project and how the literature review will contribute to its evaluation. Your rationale should make reference to current policies (NICE and WHO) and/or research related to evidence based practice and the role of extended literature reviews in that process? Answer: The effects of caring older people with dementia on informal carers. Following themes have been identified;To review challenges faced by informal carers (unpaid carers such as family) and the effects of caring. On one hand if the caregiving can be beneficial for the carers, it can also be stressful for the working age carers, who work in their paid jobs and also devote time to informal caring. This not only compromises their future but also forces them to reduce the working hours. Caring can also lead to burnout and stress, thereby leading to deterioration of the mental and physical health (OECD 2011). Informal carers like the family members face many challenges with respect to caring for the elders. There is rise in the level of expectations of the elders. Moreover, since the employment rate of the family members, specifically women, has risen over the past few decades, the reluctance of giving up the employment because of unpaid caring, has increased. Therefore, it is important to identify the challenges faced by the informal carers in order to adjust the caring schedule or working hours such that they are also at no loss (Hoffmann, F and Rodrigues, R. 2010). To determine the level of knowledge concerning informal caring and the effectiveness of educating informal carers and frontline health professionals. It is important to determine the level of knowledge possessed by the informal carers and the effectiveness of their caring in order to reduce risk and minimize damage or errors. This also includes the hygiene related guidelines that should be followed in order to ensure that the patient being cared for, is provided the right and health environment. Along with the informal carers , the frontline professionals are also trained in order to show efficacy n nursing and caring procedure, at the time of emergency. Not only are the informal carers concerned with the delivery of good and correct form of care but with the psychological aspects of caring as well (Triantafillou et al. 2010). The nurses role in identifying the carers and how they can support them in order to provide positive support. The nurse plays an important role in identifying and selecting the carers fro specific patients because they are trained professionals who are able to identify the right people as carers, who are able to work with diverse communities. Even when the hospital has best intentions, the health professionals are unable to correctly identify and provide support to the carers, if they are not provided adequate time, support and the resources to do so. It is therefore, important that every hospital has carers, who are appointed by the nurses or any other trained health professional, who is able to facilitate the process of identification and support of the carers. Identification doesnt merely means that tagging someone as a carer. Instead, it means to make the carers understand their roles and responsibilities and let them know that support is available whenever they need it. The role of nurses is to provide positive support to the carers by overcoming the barriers like lack of time for open discussion about the fears and challenges experienced by the carers and the lack of privacy, because of which the carers are not able to open up about the problems they face in the process of coping with the new environment. The nurses are trained for selecting and assigning the people, role of carers such that they are accountable for them (Department of Health 2014). References OECD, 2011, Chapter 3: The impact of caring on family carers, Help Wanted? Providing and paying for long term care.Hoffmann, F and Rodrigues, R., 2010, Informal carers: Who takes care of them? European centre: Policy brief.Triantafillou et al., 2010, Informal care in the long term care system, European overview paper, European Centre for social welfare policy and research (AT).Department of health, 2014, Supporting the health and wellbeing of young carers, viewed on 15th April 2015, https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/299270/Young_Carers_pathway_Interactive_FINAL.pdf

Night Shift Essays - English-language Films, Startup Cult

Night Shift Night Shift I'm not sure what attraction I feel towards working in a hospital. When I was younger I hated even thinking about them. They smelled funny, everyone looked nervous, and a lot of places were off limits. But I think the thing that scared me the most was the thought of needles. Yet after working on the night shift for about a year, I've found hospitals to be more than just a place where people are sick. They are a place to observe life. But I'm still scared of needles. One of my most memorable patients was an elderly man who had Lou Gehrig's Disease. When I met him he was on a ventilator, a feeding machine, and an IV. All this to keep him alive. He was slowly losing his ability to control his muscles. He couldn't talk, so I learned to lip-read what he wanted, which wasn't an easy task for either of us. But I didn't stop trying and he didn't give up on me. After awhile we were able to carry on a fairly good conversation. He'd mostly listen or ask questions while I talked about cars, the army, and the weather. Being able to communicate with someone was something I know he dearly missed. I cried when I found out he had died. I knew it would happen one day, I just didn't want to lose my friend. After thinking about it for so long I believed I was strong enough to take the emotion. I was wrong. I also took care of an 18-year-old that had been in a car accident. He was a passenger in the car and his drunken friend was trying to show off. He had been put in the neurology unit because they suspected that he might have damaged his spinal cord or brain. When I came in to see him he was scared to death. He was a normal teenager out having fun on a Saturday night. Thirty minutes later he was laying on a hospital bed in a neck brace with the horror of surgery to follow. I knew he was afraid, so I talked to him about school, sports, anything to get his mind off of the surgery. I think that made him feel better, but I was still mad at the one who had put him there. Hospital work isn't all sad. Sometimes it's happy and even funny. I took care of a very sweet lady who had been a nurse when she was younger. She always wanted to help. She would stroll out to the nurse's station looking for someone to take care of. Although, I don't think she realized that she was a patient. I think some of the greatest people in the world are the ones who we might consider out of it. One reason is they usually say what they think, they don't hold back. I remember one lady in particular that had a dark colored bruise on her arm from an IV. She looked deep into my eyes as she pointed to her arm and said, "I'm not a Negro--I know you think I'm black, but I'm not." I didn't know how to respond to that except burst out in laughter like all the nurses around me. Nurses laugh a lot--they have to. Sometimes it's the only way to keep from stressing out. But then, who can help themselves from snickering when the old man in room 111 sneaks out of his room in nothing but his birthday suit?

Comparison Between Hamlet and Great Expectations

Comparison Between Hamlet and Great Expectations Hamlet and Great Expectations are two books in which the topic of alienation is apparent. Both Hamlet and Pip are alienated for different reasons. Hamlet, a prince of noble birth, only sees the negative side of life. He feels the world is a place full of corruption with distorted people living in it. Because his moral standards are so high, he avoids all human contact and isolates himself from people. Pip on the other hand, was born in a low social class, and was ambitious to become a gentleman. This ambition drives him to alienation from lower class people. His selfish and greedy behaviour caused him to abandon the forge, which symbolizes the human warmth he once had. In this essay, I will compare and contrast some points where alienation is present in both Pip and Hamlet due to their flaws, sufferance, circumstances and influence of corruption around them. Both Pip and Hamlet have human flaws and weaknesses. Pips weakness, however, is more self-directed. He has a desire to become a gentleman. He felt that this would be a road to his happiness, to escape his lowly birth. Great Expectations was set in early Victorian times in England, where there was a wide gap between social classes. Pip wanted to be looked up to, just like the other upper class gentlemen. He therefore adapts to the strict rules and expectations that governed Victorian England. Pips ambition begins to dominate over him, which results in him abandoning Joe, Biddy and the forge. He feels that becoming a gentleman would fulfill him. This desire is somewhat linked to his obsession with Estella. Estella, being part of a higher social class, makes Pip feel inferior. This additionally provokes Pip to want to become a gentleman, for it is only then that he feels he will be worthy of her love. Controversially to Pip who has no responsibility outside himsel!

The Activity Based Costing System Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Activity Based Costing System - Assignment Example ta for input may be used differently according to different methodologies of the costing information system which may result in the production of varying outputs of information. A costing system is aimed at generating information to find ways to minimize waste in production. It should be taken care of that the benefits that are derived from the costing system should be higher than the resources used in designing, implementing and maintaining the costing system so that wastage is minimized. It is important to understand the fundamental working of the two systems i.e. The Traditional Costing System and the Activity Based Costing System in order make a comparison between the two. The traditional costing system The traditional costing systems use a single cost driver which is based on volume. Due to this reason, the traditional costing systems tend to distort the cost of the products. ... ies, the correct proportion of activity actually used for a specific unit of product is not exactly corresponding with one single cost driver (Akyol, 2012, p. 64). The conventional cost accounting system uses a volume based driver like the number of machine hours or the number of direct labour hours for assigning all the overhead costs incurred in the manufacturing process. But in almost all modern companies, the production process uses a combination of technology and manpower thus incurring overhead costs for both. But in the traditional costing model, the cost of goods sold is based on absorption costing and includes only the product costs as described in financial accounting. Therefore, the traditional costing model assigns the costs directly to the products before assigning costs to the activities involved in producing the product units first. The results generated thus a report about the information on the amounts spent on the product units but they do not give the reason as to why they are spent. This costing system is based on the application of costs to indirect cost drivers and the indirect costs are generally based on financial cost drivers. The traditional costing model uses a system in which the total costs incurred in the production is divided among the different products thus produced. Therefore, all the costs incurred in the production process have to be allocated to one or another product. The traditional costing model has the disadvantage that if overhead costs are cut down for reducing the total costs, only the signs of high cost are treated and the cause behind the higher costs remain unaltered. Also, the reduction of overheads is likely to result in the reduction of the quality of the products rather than in long term decrease in the cost incurred

Discuss how the four shipping markets are linked to each other Essay

Discuss how the four shipping markets are linked to each other. Demonstrate their interconnections using examples from the shipping industry - Essay Example This means that when before I can demolish 12 dirty ships in one year (at 1 month per ship), then if ships are easy to demolish and clean, they will take only 3 weeks to demolish. This means that I can demolish 1 ship every 3 weeks so in 12 weeks (3 months or 1 quarter) I can demolish 4 ships and in 1 year (12 months or 4 quarters) I can demolish 16 ships (4 ships/quarter x 4 quarters/year). That is 4 more ships per year. If I have the same number of workers, and I can demolish 4 more ships extra every year because it is easy to demolish 1 ship, then that means I can have more profits, right Again, this is an analysis of the effect of faster demolition of ships. Assume that today, we can demolish 12 ships a year. If there are 20 ships in the whole shipping industry that has to be demolished, then at the end of 1 year, we can demolish 12 and there will be only 8 ships left. The sales and purchase market will have 8 ships to sell or to buy. The freight market can also use these 8 ships.

Characteristics of HRM Approaches

Characteristics of HRM Approaches HRM is the organisational function that emphasises on the intake, management and directing the people who work for the organisation. Main issues dealt with in the HRM include, but are not limited to, intake, monetary and non-monetary benefits, motivation, training, personnel development, communication, wellness and performance management. Characteristics of HRM approach The main characteristic of the HRM approach is to discover, polish and improvise the potential and talent that people working in the organisation have in them but are unaware of that, thus improving the quality, efficiency, productivity and satisfaction. HRM also aims to resolve any problems and conflicts that employees are facing. Moreover, maintenance of discipline is also characterised by HRM. Models of HRM: Following are some renowned models of HRM: Contingency model: advocates of this model believe that there is no ONE best way of leading an organisation. A style that is effective in one situation may not be of use in another and the best style to be applied depends on the situation being faced and that in turn depends on the internal and external constraints. The best practice model: suggests to identify best practice, give HR a high profile, get commitment from top management level, implement the best practice and then make that best practice a bench mark for rewarding employees. Harvard Framework: this model provides that HR policies are affected by situational factors and stakeholder interests. It also states that managers can affect numerous factors by the policies they choose which includes the four Cs i.e. competence, congruence, commitment and cost-effectiveness. Guests Model: discusses six factors which are HRM strategy, HRM practices, HRM outcome, behavioural outcomes, performance outcomes and financial outcomes. HRM Activities: Activities of HRM include the following: Staffing Planning (pipeline development) Benefits Planning Retirement Planning Compliance Performance Enhancement Consulting Employee Relation Labour Negotiations Executive Compensation Employee Development Management Development Recruitment Interviewing Payroll Benefits Administration Retirement Administration Employee Records Relocation Administration Recruitment Information Processing, and Employee Assistance Programs. Personnel and HR management: The difference in personnel and HR management is merely philosophical. Administrative nature to a far greater extent of personnel management than HR management makes it different from HR management. Personnel management mainly includes dealing in payroll, ensuring compliance to employment laws and other administrative tasks. However, in contrast to this, HR management considers the employees one of the most important organisational resource and deals with improvising it. HR Consultancy: HR consultancy aims to abridge the gap between the HR competence of the organisation and the complex HR needs. HR consultants main function is to provide the organisation with the adequate staff it requires. It is a kind of outsourcing. Role of HR practitioner: The role of HR practitioner is to develop a skilled work force that contribute to the organisational success, resolve the issues within the human resource and the between human resource and the organisation, to reconcile and align the individual and the organisational goals, to motivate employees and keep their morale at an acceptable level. Models of HRM roles: Legges Model: Legge has divided the models into four main types including normative, descriptive functional, descriptive behavioural and critical evaluative. Tyson and Fell: defined organisational role as a collection of activities representing a mode of functioning by managers and professionals in HR organisations. HR activities: HR activities include the following: Internal communication, Recruitment, Development of work force, Resolution of issues of work force, Alignment of personal and organisational goals, Training, Integration of organisational objectives, etc. Functions and roles of HR planning: Strategic Planning The rational process, frequently advocated in strategic planning texts and apparently by many practitioners, emphasizes purposeful activity through a logical formulation of goals, examination of alternatives, and delineation of plans prior to action. It tends to have long-term orientation and focuses on measureable forces affecting the firm, as well as quantitative activities and procedures. The process of the comprehensive strategic planning is topically composed of the following steps: Development of organizational philosophy and mission statement Environmental scanning Analysis of SWOT Formulation of strategic objectives Generation of alternative strategies for achieving objectives Evaluation and selection of the strategy Strategic Planning at Corporate Level Competitive strategies at business level are very relevant to human resources and the development of human resource strategies. Porters five forces provides good basis for understanding competitive strategies at business level. Porter has argued that there are five forces that can affect the potential profitability of an industry. The five forces are: The ease with which he new competitor can enter an industry Bargaining power of the customers Bargaining power of the suppliers Rivalry among the competitors Availability of substitutes for the industrys product and services In addition to these forces we also have the strategies that allow the firm to compete in the industry by applying one or mix of the following strategies. Low-cost leadership Strategy Differentiation Strategy Niche or Focus Strategies Planning in Strategic Business Unit Human Resource management can play an important role in strategic planning at the level of the strategic business unit and, as noted, is one of the in value chain analysis. The role may examine the context of human resource input in the development of strategic alternatives. It also called the planning at the different functional units of the organization like, Marketing, Finance, RD, etc. Recruitment methods: Recruitment methods involve setting of requirements for the individual to be hired, primarily. Such an individual may be present in the organisation, in such a case internal recruitment will be done. Thereafter these requirements are advertised. Advertisement: advertisement can be done in different modes that include giving advertisements in newspapers, journals, web sites. Application can also be made to the recruitment agencies of HR firms. Selection: once the advertisement has been made, selection is the next phase. Selection can be based on interviews, written tests, presentations, role playing, group discussions, report writing, etc. Human Resource Development Definition: Human Resource Development (HRD) is a framework to help employees develop personal and organizational skills, knowledge and abilities. Human Resource Development includes such opportunities as employee training, employee career development, performance management and development, coaching, mentoring, succession planning, key employee identification, tuition assistance, and organization development. Organisational learning and learning organisation: It is the study of ways in which the organisation learns and adapts. Whereas learning organisation means an organisation that encourages its employees to learn (be innovative and dynamic) and transforms itself to changing requirements. Learning theories: Learning cycle: the learning cycle model is based on five Es, including engagement, exploration, explanation, elaboration and evaluation. Transfer of learning: it means that the skill and knowledge obtained during the training or the learning phase is implemented when performing job. Training methods: Effective training methods include the following: On the job training, Training courses, Seminars, Workshops, Job rotation, Secondments, Demonstration, Lectures, Conference, Role play, Simulations, Case studies, Projects, and Mentoring. Performance monitoring methods: Once the selection has been done and the candidates have been taken in as employees they are assigned specific tasks after initial training / orientation. Once an employee starts off with his routine work his performance needs to be monitored in order to ensure that he is delivering what in fact is expected out of him and to reward him as well. Performance can be measured in a number of ways out of which performance appraisal is the most commonly used method. In appraising performance of an employee people who interact with him are asked to comment on the benchmark criteria, generally set in advance. After the appraisal is done the appraised is provided feedback in both monetary and non-monetary terms. Most commonly used performance appraisal methods include the following: Management by objective, Graphic rating scales, Essay evaluation method, Paired comparison analysis, 360 degree performance appraisal, Performance ranking method, Behaviourally anchored rating scales, Behavioural observation scales. Reward management: The main aim of reward management is to establish a relation between pay and performance. Moreover, reward management defines the philosophy / rationale behind the remuneration or the benefits and employee is entitled to reap from the organisation after his performance has been measured. Factors determining pay: Following factors determine the pay: Productivity of employee, Comparative wages, Bargaining power, Demand and supply of employees, Condition of product market, and Business brought in by the employee. Job satisfaction and motivation towards working hard does not solely depend on the monetary benefits (hygiene factors) an employee is entitled to, personal growth, self actualisation, work environment and freedom has main contribution towards employees motivation and job satisfaction. If it is noted that the morale of the work team is not at the desired level then strategies should be put in place to ensure that dissatisfaction is removed which may include stringent discipline and grievance procedures after fully taking the employees in confidence. Frameworks like ACAS can be followed to remove grievances between employees and employers. Staff satisfaction can be measured from the behaviour they exhibit unintentionally that includes absenteeism, poor work quality and high turnover rate. The dissatisfaction can be eliminated in a number of ways that include improving the work atmosphere, increasing monetary rewards, counselling, giving reasonable autonomy to the employee, etc. For the purpose of this assignment, I selected the Standard Chartered Bank (SCB) for the practical application of the theory. Investigation as to how HRM contributes to the achievement of organisational goals: Three main activities performed by SCBs HR department related to HRM were: Job analysis: Job analysis provides the foundation for good selection and identifying the knowledge skills abilities and other requirements that need to be performed on the job. Interviews: Interviews are the universal feature of selecting feature of selection system. Research has shown that interview can have substantial validity, particularly when they have shown more structure and are conducted appropriately, and, Redevelopment and retraining: With the increased rate of technological change and potential for skill obsolescence, retraining may become more important. As a result many companies provide retraining for manager those skills have become obsolete. A critical determinant in the success of such program is managers self-efficacy beliefs, or that they will be successful in mastering the new skills. Meeting Organisational Objectives: By careful job analysis it was observed that the people selected for the relevant posts possessed adequate level of skill and competence that is needed to fulfil the tasks of the job. Smart interviewing panel of the SCB ensured that only those people are selected for the jobs that are capable of performing the relevant tasks as required by their jobs. Systems and procedures are changing in with the development of technology and introduction of new and stringent risk management procedures. In SCB it was noticed that to equip the personnel with the latest job knowledge effective retraining procedures were in place that led to the employees continual professional development, thus generating a better level of service and performing in an up-to-date manner. Reference to HRM Models: Contingency model (that suggests there is no one way of leadership and management, a situational model) The best practice model (suggests to identify best practice, give HR a high profile, get commitment from top management level, implement the best practice and then make that best practice a bench mark for rewarding employees). Examination of HR planning and development methods: Human Resource Planning is the process of assuring that right type of people with right capabilities are available when required. HRD of SCB has to take care of all the important activities. It is engaged in the process of hiring, firing, training, development and all other related activities. HRD is also engaged in process of designing and evaluating the jobs and determining a pay structure for the jobs. During planning company analyze its goals, its current strategies, its external environment, and its strengths and weaknesses, in terms of whether or not they can be achieved with the current Banks human resources. Then Bank begins to look at what skills, knowledge and abilities are available internally and where shortage of terms of people skills or equipment may exist. This analyzes leads to the new planning phase and as a result Bank recruit people with specific skills Bank required to organizational development. Its HR department duty to create a link between the organizational goals and ensuring that the company can meet the objectives with which structure in determining skills, knowledge and abilities of jobholder. The employees at SCB are self-motivated and the reason for their kind of motivation is the working environment which has to be conductive for efficiency. The morale of workers in SCB is very high and this high morale is as a result of keen interest and careful supervision of the top management. It is all because of the healthy environment provided at all branches of the Bank and very kind and neat relationship among the employees, and very satisfactory compensation and benefit system. HR department of the company determine what jobs need to be done and how many and what types of workers will be required. At SCB several approaches are available for the development of workforce skills that are needed: Training Program SCB relates training with the productivity. Training solves the many efficiency related programs in the work place it may also involves the analytical and the thinking skills trainings that help to resolve the problems. These programs are for the middle level manager and the lower level manager. Training Methods The Bank continues to follow its strategy of hiring batches of young and energetic Management Trainees who are sent to Training and Development Center for training in all areas of banking. At the same time, short courses are continually conducted to not only enhance their skill level but also increase their performance potential. Training covers broad areas of human resource activities. Following are few very popular and common training methods: Orientation Coaching Mentoring Computer based training or instructional training Computer assisted instructions: Job Rotation: After planned intervals of time employees are transferred. To other locations according to the policy. On the Job training: Three types of employees are subjected to on the job training. Although other type of training programs are conducted for their grooming but the emphasis is gives for on the job training for them. The bank has the latest state of the training facilities and it has its own Training and development Centre. (TDC). Supervisors identify the individuals in the department whether the employee needs training in a particular field or for a particular job. Three types of employees are subjected to on the job training. Although other type of training programs are conducted for their grooming but the emphasis is gives for on the job training for them. Apprentices b) internees Off-The Job Training: The newly inducted officers are being trained to help perform their duties in full competence to avoid any error in bank transaction, and boost their efficiency. Evaluation of the planning and development methods: Proper HR planning has helped the bank to ensure that right people are on the right desks doing the work in the right manner. It has also helped the bank to identify the service gaps and hire people where shortages are evidenced. By planning the HR department has created a link between banks goals and the right people to pursue that. The development of HR has ensured that the staff is adequate and technically well equipped to serve that banks goals. Adequate training ensures that employees are up-to-date and possess necessary skill level to complete the assigned tasks. Analysis of ways in which performance of HR may be enhanced: Review of how HR performance is monitored and indicated: The only basic performance measurement tool SCB has is the performance appraisal system and they are continually making improvements in it to eliminate the bias. Performance appraisal is directly related to the performance description and the work standards. The process of reviewing the individual performance. First of all, bank sets some standards for different level of employees and direct to their employees to do work according to these standards and evaluating their performance. In SCB Performance appraisals are usually prepared every six months. Every employee is to be received and on the basis of this performance compensation and benefits are determined. SCB offers very competitive salaries and benefits to both fresh recruits and experienced bankers. Once part of the SCB family you can expect both monetary and non monetary rewards based on performance, some of our benefits are: Compensating and rewarding employees is very important to motivate the employees and to attain the consistent performance. Reward system provides the ability to reinforce desired behaviours and serve the traditional functions of attracting and maintain a qualified workforce. SCB compensation system is the combination of different practices which are discussed below; Traditional compensation system Traditional compensation system used by SCB is the combination of the factor comparison system and point system which uses the job evaluation manual to assign points to each job. SCB has the traditional compensation system as the basic salary which is fixed for every employee beside other compensations. Skill-based remuneration This is basically for the middle level management for learning and implementing new things which can be offered by the bank or chooses by the individual themselves. Employees know that it increases. The chances of the promotion and the increase in the compensation will increase as well as bank SCB have bonus for learning new skills and doing new management courses. Due to the rapid change in the todays business environment organization need to make-up the employee for the potential jobs and assignments to be competitive in the market. Broadbanding This approach contains some of the factors of the traditional pay based system but like skills based pay it is directed towards obtaining greater flexibility. With broad banding SCB increases the pay of the employee but dont promote them this is usually done for the more experienced employees to with low education they often are not promoted but they pay is increased. Team Based Pay Compensation system is needed to reward team members for behaviors that facilitate strategy implementation. SCB usually forms teams for some projects only. Compensation given to those teams is based on the compensation of the achievement of the objectives of the team. The compensation includes bonuses, stocks, holidays and promotions. In the project management teams employees are also cross trained. Executive Compensation Executive compensation system like other employees have the basic salary but that includes no of benefits besides that, which includes the wide range of conveyance allowance. But same like in many other organizations this is not well-defined in SCB. Ways to improve: The appraisals should be 360 degrees in order to ensure that what all different stake-holders feel about a particular employee. Appraisals should be carried every quarter so that improvements may be made on a timelier basis. The operations staff should not be appraised on the basis of how much business it has generated. Appraisals should also take into account the level of innovation an employee has brought in.

A View From The Bridge Essay

Beatrice said, â€Å"Whatever happened, we all done it† in one of the final scenes in Arthur Miller’s play â€Å"A View From The Bridge†. I disagree with the above quotation, in my opinion, only three characters are to blame. Those being Eddie, Catherine and Rodolfo. Many factors became culpable for Eddie’s downfall in the concluding scene, such as his obsession with Catherine, Catherine’s flirtatious behaviour, the arrival of Rodolfo and so forth. Yet, many of these factors evolve around the character of Eddie. Therefore, if I had to point a finger of blame at one character alone, it would be Eddie. In the beginning of the play, our initial response to Eddie is that he dominates the household. He provides a father figure for Catherine, as he doesn’t want her to expose herself to the attention of other men in their community. Eddie shows a lot of interest in Catherine and her appearance, he informed her of how she was â€Å"walkin’ wavy† and that her skirt was â€Å"too short†. The way Eddie made his opinion known and how his obsession affected his lifestyle, is obviously going to have a negative effect on him for the rest of his life. Catherine’s effect on Eddie soon jeopardised Eddie’s relationship with his wife, Beatrice. Eddie tried to please Catherine, whilst he became â€Å"quickly resentful† when talking to his wife. We can tell immediately of how this situation cannot stay this way, some event will have to occur for Eddie to make up his mind about who and what he wants. When the submarines, Marco and Rodolfo are introduced, Eddie’s jealous streak and competitiveness both become evident and culpable for the hostile welcome he greeted the cousins with. Rodolfo made an immediate impact on Catherine, who showed a lot of interest in the illegal immigrant. Catherine’s interest in Rodolfo and Rodolfo’s feelings for her infuriate Eddie. Eddie seems jealous and unwanted to a certain extent. Eddie’s blunt attitude towards Rodolfo spells trouble, as we can tell at some point this will come to a head. For example, Rodolfo begins to sing, much to the pleasure of Catherine and Beatrice, but Eddie interrupts this and tells Rodolfo to, â€Å"wait a minute†. This seems as if Eddie doesn’t like Rodolfo entertaining, especially singing this song that could well have been aimed at Catherine. A View From The Bridge Essay The Play â€Å"A View From The Bridge† by Arthur Miller is set in the 1950s in Brooklyn, America in a small cramped apartment, focusing the audience’s attention on to the tension in this household. It is a tragedy about an Italian American man called Eddie Carbone. It is a story of self destruction that Miller suggests is inevitable when a strong man like Eddie defies the standards of what his culture holds to be right and wrong. Eddie and his wife Beatrice have brought up Beatrice’s niece Catherine. Catherine is now old enough to go out for work. Eddie is very protective over her and is reluctant to let her go out for work. When Beatrice’s cousins Rodolpho and Marco arrive as illegal immigrants, Catherine falls in love with Rodolpho. Eddie becomes jealous as Catherine moves further away from him but never admits it. Throughout the play Eddie tries to destroy Rodolpho and as a final desperate measure he betrays him and his brother to the authorities. In his community this is unforgivable. Marco is so mad that he finally kills Eddie before he is deported. The play ends with everyone losing something. I found it very difficult to decide who I felt most sympathy for in the play because ultimately, everyone lost something. Eddie dies a sad broken man. Beatrice weeps over the loss of her husband. Rodolpho and Catherine are sorry for Eddie’s death and Marco is deported and loses his goal of earning money to send home. Eddie is a strong, impulsive man. He acts by instinct and prejudice. He is convinced just by looking at Rodolpho that he is a homosexual and unfit to marry his niece, whom he is over protective of. This becomes clear in his conversation with Alfieri about Rodolpho. Eddie says, â€Å"he ain’t right† and he also says, â€Å"He’s a blonde guy. Like†¦ platinum. † Eddie thinks that Rodolpho is homosexual just because he has blonde hair. He suggests that Rodolpho is weak when he says, â€Å"I mean if you close the paper fast – you could blow him over,† showing how he believes Rodolpho is not ‘manly’ enough to marry his niece. In his mind he neither understands nor admits his true feeling towards Catherine. Alfieri confronts him about this, â€Å"She wants to get married, Eddie. She can’t marry you can she? † Eddie is shocked by the suggestion and replies ‘furiously’, â€Å"What’re you talkin’ about, marry me! I don’t know what the hell you’re talkin’ about! † He refuses to admit that his feeling for Catherine is more than fatherly. To him, Alfieri’s suggestion is absurd and unacceptable. In fact, he is only lying to himself and pushing himself one step closer to his own demise. A View from the Bridge Essay Why and How Does Eddie Carbone Change As The Play Progresses? What Leads to His Death? How Do You Think an Audience would respond To the Changes in his Personality As They Watch Him Destroy Himself? Arthur Miller’s A View from the Bridge is set in the 1950s, when communities were forced to reconcile between American culture and the Italian community culture that surrounds. The cultural and moral difference between the two provides one of the great conflicts in the play. Eddie is made to choose between the two, which questions his loyalty to his family. The play explores relationships. Eddie Carbone is a tragic protagonist who needs to believe that his masculinity denies any sexual desires. To him, being homosexual is â€Å"not right†; this shows his insecurity of being a dominant character. His strong emotions for his niece suggest incestuous desires. Becoming suspicious of his own motives, Eddie doesn’t realise these feelings until at the very end. His feelings for Catherine are suppressed. He transfers this sexual frustration into a hatred for Marco and Rodolpho, which causes him to act completely irrationally. Eddie’s fear need to secure his good name from Marco is a result of his failure to ‘protect’ Catherine. The community witness his loyalty die away due to his commitment to keeping Catherine to himself, and turning his vengeance into a need for acceptance by spending his last moments fighting Marco for his good name in the community. According to Eddie, men should protect the innocent and provide a better life for their family. Because of this devotion, he believes that men should be respected and not told what to do. â€Å"I do what I feel like doin’ or what I don’t feel like doin'†. This concept stays in Eddie’s mind throughout the play. He exercises his authority. He believes that loyalty should stay strong, not only within a family, but the whole community. The neighbours look out for each other. The audience notices that he’s a character with passionate beliefs. Eddie’s father was a poor immigrant from Sicily. He thinks that he has worked hard to get to where they are now. â€Å"I worked like a dog twenty years so a punk could have her†. He feels that immigrants should work as hard as he had done. This is why Eddie is seen as a proud man; he has reached so far in life, without any failures as of yet, and is determined to maintain his earned respect. Again, he believes the tight neighbourhood he resides in shouldn’t betray one other, especially if the Italian culture is questioned. He lets illegal immigrants stay with him â€Å"They’ll be thankful†. Readers believe that he’s a generous character at the start, even when he uses this generous act to prove that his loyalty is still strong at the end. When suggested that the only thing he could do to get back at Rodolpho was to betray the family, he reclined at first. â€Å"Oh, Jesus, no, I wouldn’t do nothin’ about that, I mean-â€Å". His beliefs for a strong community stayed persistent, until he became confused over his motives. Even when believing that Rodolpho is â€Å"stealing† from him, he doesn’t do this because he’s already losing his respect, due to his feelings for Catherine, and fears that his desires could be revealed. The audience already see that he’s changing from an over-protective father-figure to a jealous, bitter man who isn’t going to give up on what he wants. When suggesting that Rodolpho had stolen from him, we see that he isn’t generous anymore; readers wonder if his act of generosity was genuine. â€Å"A View from the Bridge†? Essay In â€Å"A View From The Bridge† by Arthur Miller I believe that Eddie is the character who changes most in the course of the play. I will show this by talking about his role in the drama, the dramatic devices and use of language by Miller as well as the background and social context of the play. Eddie’s role in the play is the most vital one; he is by far the most important character in the play. It is, after all, his inability to deal with his emotions that triggers most of the story and the tragedy that unfolds. Throughout the play we see many changes in the character of Eddie. At the beginning of the play Eddie is a respected, hard-working man who is protective and kind towards his orphaned niece Catherine. The first scene in the play demonstrates Eddie’s character clearly. He comes home from work and is greeted by an excited Catherine. One stage direction that immediately gives a feel for how Eddie feels about Catherine is â€Å"Eddie is pleased, therefore shy about it†. This shows that the simple â€Å"Hi, Eddie! † from Catherine is enough to make him shy, almost as if he has been reduced to a ‘schoolboy crush’ state of mind. Later in the scene he tells Catherine that he thinks her skirt is too short and that she is â€Å"walkin’ wavy. † He gets very protective of her, saying that she is being very provocative. When Catherine says, â€Å"Them guys look at all the girls†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Eddie replies, â€Å"You ain’t all the girls. † This adds to the impression that he wants to protect her and may have inappropriate feelings towards her. But by the end of the play Eddie no longer protects Catherine with all his strength; instead, he focuses solely on attacking Rudolfo and Marco because of his intense jealousy over Rudolfo’s relationship with Catherine. In spite of the advice of his lawyer Alfieri to let things run their course Eddie betrays Rudolfo and Marco and in doing so loses his reputation and goes against his own moral code. In the end Eddie has almost gone mad because his friends and family have lost all respect for him and he is vainly trying to get it back. The scene I have chosen to demonstrate how much Eddie has changed is the final one in the play. It shows Eddie almost as a different person – no longer kind and protective but vengeful and bitter. Eddie hears that Marco is on his way to confront him after being bailed out by Alfieri. He goes outside and addresses the crowd of people that has gathered because they have heard that Eddie has betrayed Marco and Rudolfo . The realization of what he has done has made Eddie go slightly mad. One stage direction says, â€Å"his eyes are murderous and he cracks his knuckles with a strange sort of relaxation. † This shows that Eddie has come to terms with what is happening and is facing Marco even though he knows he has greater strength than him. Throughout the play Arthur Miller uses simplistic language to demonstrate many things about Eddie. The character’s vocabulary is limited and often colloquial, this shows that Eddie has had a tough upbringing and has a hard-working life-style – he is a very ‘manly’ man. The play is based largely on Millers own experiences. The story of Eddie’s betrayal of his cousins is based on a longshoreman Miller heard about during his own two years working on the docks of Brooklyn. Whilst there, he also heard about a friend’s dream where the friend had an attraction to his niece. Miller believed that the dream revealed a desire to have relations with the niece. Miller used his own experiences a lot when writing his plays which give them a truthful feel. Eddie’s simple direct language is not shown as a negative thing however – it demonstrates what a powerful character he is and how he is perceived by those around him. Because he is the head of the household, he does not need to ask people to listen, he simply talks to the family using direct, blunt language and they listen. He is Catherine’s guardian (he also has inappropriate feelings for her). This role makes him all the more important because, Catherine is the second most important character in the play. When Eddie challenges Rodolfo to a casual boxing lesson and uses the opportunity to punch him. This is Eddie’s way of showing Rodolfo and Catherine that he has the most power in the household – but he then abuses it. The play is also an accurate projection of 1940s Red Hook, the slum where the Carbones live and the play is set. Eddie and his family are just like most families in Red Hook, they should be viewed as regular members of the wider community, even when the tragedy that occurs within the confines of their family is spilled into the community of Red Hook and becomes a public affair. In conclusion I believe that Eddie has changed the most because at the beginning of the play, he represents a good and a respectable man, but at the end, he has been reduced to the ruins of what was once an honorable man. It is Eddie’s good values at the beginning of the play that cause us to admire him. One of these was being so averse to what the boy did in the Vinnie Bolzano story. However, through his actions in calling immigration and telling them about Rodolfo and Marco he loses the respect and sympathy of those around him. The aspects of Eddie that made him the good, strong man he was in the beginning of the play were changed by Rodolfo and Catherine’s love for each other. By the end of ‘A View From the Bridge’ we see that even a man as strong and reliable as Eddie can be completely transformed and distorted by the illicit love and jealousy that he feels for Catherine. A view from the Bridge Essay Eddie: â€Å"Listen, you been givin’ me the willies the way you walk down the street, I mean it. † The relationship between them is that of a father and a daughter. The tension increases in the relationship when Eddie hears about Catherine’s new job. Eddie: â€Å"†¦.. plumbers; they’ll chew her to pieces if she don’t watch out. † Eddie is overprotective about Catherine especially when she has a new job. However, then he allows her to take the job. He gives Catherine some advice. Eddie: â€Å"†¦. don’t trust nobody. † He calls Catherine ‘Modonna’ this is a religious overtoues. He worships her. If I was directing the play I would make that scene a bit intense and make Eddie feel hurt when Catherine has got a new job but Catherine and Beatrice don’t see it. The tension grows in the relationship when Beatrice’s cousin, Marco and Rodolfo arrive. Eddie becomes jelous of Catherine’s interest in Rudolfo. Rudolfo and Catherine have gone to the Parmount and they come home having enjoyedtheir evening. Eddie tells Rudolfo to go into into the house because he wants to speak to Catherine. Eddie tells Catherine that Rudolfo only likes her so that he can get a passport. Catherine disagrees with this and refuses to believe Eddie. Eddie: â€Å"Katie, he’s only bowin’ to his passport. † I think that Eddie is using this to come between them because I think Eddie has feelings for Catherine and he likes her. If I was the director I would bring more tension into this scene and create some kind of argument between Eddie and Rudolfo. Eddie comes home drunk and sees Rudolfo coming out of Catherine’s bedroom. He becomes angry and upset. He tells Rudolfo to leave the house, but Catherine says no and she is the one who will be leaving the house. In that scene Eddie kisses Rudolfo to show that he is not straight(gay). Catherine: â€Å"I think I can’t stay here no more. I’m sorry, Eddie. † The relationship between Eddie and Catherine is getting worse and more tense. Catherine is very angry with Eddie’s anti social behaviour. Catherine tells Eddie that she is going to marry Rudolfo. Eddie tries to tell her that she is too young and that this is the first guy she has met. Eddie doesn’t want Catherine to go ahead with the marriage. â€Å"But you never knew no other fella, Katie! How could you make up your mind? † If I were to direct this play, I would put more action into this scene and a little argument about the wedding. The final relationship which I am going to explore is the one between Catherine and Beatrice. Beatrice loves Eddie and wants to respect Eddie, but Catherine comes in her way. Beatrice understands that Catherine is growing up and she is not a baby, but Eddie is being over protective of Catherine. Beatrice becomes more certain that Eddie is heading towards disaster. Eddie: â€Å"Beatrice, she’s a baby, how is she gonna know what she likes? † Beatrice: â€Å"Well, you kept her ababy, you wouldn’t let her go out. † Beatrice tries to reason with Eddie. She tries to tell him that he’s being selfish. Catherine try to affect Eddie. Catherine is confused and innocent throughout the play. If I was directing this scene I would create a havoc between Beatrice and Eddie and their relationship would break up. I think that Beatrice is jelous of Catherine but she is doing the right thing. She tries to push the girl out to work so that she doesn’t come into the relationship between her and Eddie. Beatrice is aware that Eddie some sexual desire for Catherine but she doesn’t blame Catherine for this. She tries to tell Catherine to move on with her life and she does this by standing up for her when she found her first job and when she is going out with Rodolfo. Catherine doesn’t encourage Eddie purposely. She is not deceptive. Catherine takes Beatrice’s advice to move on with her life. Beatrice: â€Å"You still walk around in front of him in your slip. † Beatrice: â€Å"well you can’t do it. † Beatrice tells Catherine that she is not a baby and she shouldn’t walk around in her slip when Eddie is shaving his underwear. She tells her to go on and marry Rodolfo. Beatrice is doing the right, but inside I think she feels jelous of Catherine. Beatrice was happy when Catherine announced her engagement. Beatrice is ready to attend the wedding but Eddie doesn’t want to. Catherine: â€Å"I’m gonna get married, Eddie. So if you wanna come, the wedding be on Saturday. † I would direct this be instructing Beatrice to shout at Catherine, teaching her to get on with her life. I would tell Catherine to actas if she is confused why Beatrice is shouting at her. In conclusion, I think Arthur Miller has done well to show the relationships between the characters. He has used different types of techniques and he has been succesful in doing this. Relationships are a major factor in the play because actions come from the characters and their prejudice attitudes etc. Miller shows conflicts, love and arguments through characters. I think the main point of the story is it shows if relationships don’t work, it leads to death and conflict. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Arthur Miller section. A view from the bridge Essay There are many emotions in the play: Love, hatred, jealousy, and anger. Write about one and how it is presented in the play. I have chosen to look at the emotion love and the part it plays in affecting the storyline. In ‘A View From the Bridge’ by Arthur Miller most of the characters’ actions are fuelled by love. Love drives all the other main emotions in the play. However there are question marks over both the central loving relationships, that of Eddie and Catherine’s and Eddie and Beatrice’s. Catherine’s love for Eddie is that of a daughter for her father as she calls him ‘the sweetest guy’. She has a doting daughter’s attitude. Catherine cares for Eddie and goes out of her way to please him ‘What do you want me to do? ‘ she asks him upset when he disapproves of her skirt. She wants very much to please him. But Eddie is very hard to please, as he is far too overprotective of her. Catherine’s falls in love with an immigrant who stays with the family ‘I love you Rodolfo’ she tells him. Catherine has never been in a serious relationship before but is deeply in love with Rodolfo who in turn loves her. This relationship is normal for people of their age and marriage is quite a natural step for two people in love. Marco is an immigrant who has come to America as his family are starving and as he explains his wife ‘feeds them from her own mouth’ meaning they are starving. Marco’s love has forced him to leave his wife and three children to work in America to make money to feed them. This is a very strong gesture as he plans not to see his family again for ‘four, five, six years maybe’. This relationship highlights the extreme measures people are driven to because of love. Marco loves his family to the point where he would do anything for them. This shows that in this play love is a real passion that prompts other behaviour. Eddie’s love for Catherine seemed at the beginning of the play just to be the love of a concerned father figure, ‘I think it’s too short ain’t it? ‘ he says worrying about the length of Catherine’s skirt. Eddie is very over protective of Catherine and treats her as if she is still his little girl, which could be damaging to her development in this stage of life as Beatrice points out ‘Look, you gotta get used to it, she’s no baby no more’. It is time for Eddie to let go but he can’t. Eddie’s obsessive attitude towards Catherine seems strange to everyone except Eddie ‘She can’t marry you, can she? ‘ Alfieri says trying to explain how others might see his behaviour. To everyone else Eddie seems to be perversely in love with Catherine and wants her for himself. I believe this is not the case, I believe Eddie has become used to Catherine’s love for him that he cannot bear to see her adorning her affection on anyone else. The stage direction ‘with a sense of her childhood, her babyhood and the years’ describes the great sense of loss Eddie feels as he has cared and loved her all her life. Beatrice remains faithful to Eddie throughout although she is frustrated, ‘When am I gonna be a wife again, Eddie? ‘ she tells him, desperate from him to forget about Catherine and go back to caring for her. Beatrice’s love for Eddie is one of the strongest in the play, she wants desperately for Eddie to pay her the attention she deserves as a loving wife. Eddies obsessive behaviour towards Catherine puts great strain on his marriage ‘I want my respect’ he says when Beatrice tries to confront him, Eddie is angry and shouts at her for complaining about him being so strict with Catherine. Beatrice is struggling to keep her marriage intact, but she cannot understand the love Eddie feels towards Catherine. I believe Eddie loves his wife dearly but his love for Catherine takes priority when Rodolfo comes on the scene, which leads him to mistreat Beatrice. I cannot help feeling sorry for her as she is forced into a situation that was not her doing. It seems her love for Eddie is unrequited. Eddie’s hatred for Rodolfo is fuelled by his jealousy for the love and attention Catherine bestows upon him, ‘I’m telling ya the guy ain’t right’ he says trying to justify his hatred. Nobody believes Eddie’s comments about Rodolfo and everyone but Eddie can see through to his jealousy. It isn’t right for a man of Eddie’s age to be obsessed with his young niece, but nobody understands the depth and passion of Eddie’s love, which drives him to keep Catherine at any cost. Eddie’s obsessive love compels him to see Mr Alfieri, family friend and lawyer ‘He ain’t right Mr Alfieri’ Eddie pleads, but it is obvious he has no jurisdiction within he law. The fact Eddie has gone to see Alfieri shows the power of his love towards Catherine and his desperation to have her for himself. Love is the main driving force behind all the characters actions, ‘the truth is not as bad as blood Eddie’ Beatrice tells him trying to quell his anger and hatred. Beatrice believes that love is not a worthy enough cause for the use of violence. It is Eddie’s deep love that drives him to use all force necessary to have what he believes to be his Catherine. This unfaltering love to the bitter end is misunderstood by Marco ‘He degraded my brother. My blood. ‘ Marco says; he cannot see why Eddie turned him and Rodolfo into the police. But it is obvious to the reader that it was Eddies’ love that compelled his actions and not his hatred for Marco and his brother. Eddies’ love finally leads him to his death ‘You lied about me Marco’ Eddie cries before lunging at him. This is Eddies last desperate attempt to win back his dignity. Eddies’ love has driven him to a point where he has no other option but to follow his feelings to the end. The fate of Eddie Carbone is a tragic one as his obsessive feelings towards Catherine took control of him and his actions that followed he could not help. I believe the story is a testament to the power of love and how once it has infected someone in a certain way; they are powerless to stop it. Emlyn Roberts Pluto10X Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Arthur Miller section. A View from the Bridge Essay Pride plays a great role in the play, â€Å"A View from the Bridge†. The biggest victim of pride is Eddie, who loses both his pride and respect throughout the play. And this gradual loss heavily affects the characters’ behaviors. However pride does not seem to be the only factor that dictates the progress of the play. In the beginning of the play, Eddie is full of pride. He is respected by both Marco and Rodolfo as well as the community. The quote, â€Å"I want to tell you now Eddie – when you say go, we will go,† shows that Marco and Rodolfo respect Eddie. The quote in other words means that Marco and Rodolfo will be doing whatever Eddie tells them to do. The fact that this is Marco’s first significant line in the play shows how important Marco thinks of Eddie. Also the hyphen in the middle of the sentence gives effect, which emphasizes the message Marco is trying to send to Eddie. The pride Marco and Rodolfo give Eddie in the family allows Eddie to lower his guard and gives him a chance to respect Marco as well. This perspective can be seen from the following line. Eddie says, â€Å"You’re welcome, Marco, we got plenty of room here. † He addresses Marco, which shows that Eddie is in favor of him. Then the second part of the line, â€Å"we got plenty of room here. †, not only shows the Eddie is welcoming Marco, but it also shows that Eddie has given Marco his respect. A â€Å"Room† in their house symbolizes respect. At first, Eddie and Marco both have each other’s trust and respect, giving them both pride which brings the two to a peaceful relationship. Later as the play progresses Eddie begins to lose his pride. Marco says, â€Å"Here. (the chair raised like a weapon over Eddie’s head – and he transforms what might appear like a glare of warning into a smile of triumph)† The simplicity of the sentence emphasizes Marco’s loss of respect for Eddie. The stage direction, â€Å"Over Eddie’s head† also symbolizes how Marco has overcome Eddie. Also the â€Å"glare of warning† shows that Marco no longer thinks of Eddie as someone he should respect. The story continues as Eddie loses his pride. Pride is very important to Eddie. He says â€Å"Yeah Marco! Eddie Carbone. Eddie Carbone. Eddie Carbone. † His name symbolizes his pride and the repetition of it shows the importance of his name in Eddie’s heart. Also he does not just say his first name but also his last name, which also emphasizes his name – his pride. The community’s reaction is another event that comes from pride. â€Å"(Lipari and wife exits†¦ Louis barely turns, then walks off the stage and exits down right with Mike. )† is a stage direction that shows the community’s reaction to what Eddie had done to Marco and Rodolfo. Lipari and his wife, Louis, and Mike represent the community. The fact that they have â€Å"walked off† and â€Å"exited† indicates that the whole community has turned their backs on Eddie. From there, we can see that Eddie has lost his pride in his community as well as his family. Although pride is a main factor behind the progression of the play, loyalty and family relationships, also play a very important role. Family relationships play a very important role. This could be seen from Beatrice’s line, â€Å"Eddie, listen to me. Who could give you your name? Listen to me, I love you, I’m talking to you. I love you. † The short sentences make the sentence feel real and have a real impact, as if Beatrice is really trying to talk to Eddie. Furthermore, the repetition of the phrases, â€Å"listen to me† and â€Å"I love you† emphasizes how much Beatrice really cares about Eddie. Pride and family relationships play a huge rule in the progression of the play. A View from the Bridge Essay Pride plays a great role in the play, â€Å"A View from the Bridge†. The biggest victim of pride is Eddie, who loses both his pride and respect throughout the play. And this gradual loss heavily affects the characters’ behaviors. However pride does not seem to be the only factor that dictates the progress of the play. In the beginning of the play, Eddie is full of pride. He is respected by both Marco and Rodolfo as well as the community. The quote, â€Å"I want to tell you now Eddie – when you say go, we will go,† shows that Marco and Rodolfo respect Eddie. The quote in other words means that Marco and Rodolfo will be doing whatever Eddie tells them to do. The fact that this is Marco’s first significant line in the play shows how important Marco thinks of Eddie. Also the hyphen in the middle of the sentence gives effect, which emphasizes the message Marco is trying to send to Eddie. The pride Marco and Rodolfo give Eddie in the family allows Eddie to lower his guard and gives him a chance to respect Marco as well. This perspective can be seen from the following line. Eddie says, â€Å"You’re welcome, Marco, we got plenty of room here. † He addresses Marco, which shows that Eddie is in favor of him. Then the second part of the line, â€Å"we got plenty of room here. †, not only shows the Eddie is welcoming Marco, but it also shows that Eddie has given Marco his respect. A â€Å"Room† in their house symbolizes respect. At first, Eddie and Marco both have each other’s trust and respect, giving them both pride which brings the two to a peaceful relationship. Later as the play progresses Eddie begins to lose his pride. Marco says, â€Å"Here. (the chair raised like a weapon over Eddie’s head – and he transforms what might appear like a glare of warning into a smile of triumph)† The simplicity of the sentence emphasizes Marco’s loss of respect for Eddie. The stage direction, â€Å"Over Eddie’s head† also symbolizes how Marco has overcome Eddie. Also the â€Å"glare of warning† shows that Marco no longer thinks of Eddie as someone he should respect. The story continues as Eddie loses his pride. Pride is very important to Eddie. He says â€Å"Yeah Marco! Eddie Carbone. Eddie Carbone. Eddie Carbone. † His name symbolizes his pride and the repetition of it shows the importance of his name in Eddie’s heart. Also he does not just say his first name but also his last name, which also emphasizes his name – his pride. The community’s reaction is another event that comes from pride. (Lipari and wife exits†¦ Louis barely turns, then walks off the stage and exits down right with Mike. )† is a stage direction that shows the community’s reaction to what Eddie had done to Marco and Rodolfo. Lipari and his wife, Louis, and Mike represent the community. The fact that they have â€Å"walked off† and â€Å"exited† indicates that the whole community has turned their backs on Eddie. From there, we can see that Eddie has lost his pride in his community as well as his family. Although pride is a main factor behind the progression of the play, loyalty and family relationships, also play a very important role. Family relationships play a very important role. This could be seen from Beatrice’s line, â€Å"Eddie, listen to me. Who could give you your name? Listen to me, I love you, I’m talking to you. I love you. † The short sentences make the sentence feel real and have a real impact, as if Beatrice is really trying to talk to Eddie. Furthermore, the repetition of the phrases, â€Å"listen to me† and â€Å"I love you† emphasizes how much Beatrice really cares about Eddie. Pride and family relationships play a huge rule in the progression of the play. A view from the bridge Essay Explain how act one of A View from the Bridge is effective in terms of dramatic quality and how an audience might respond to the play. This essay is about act 1 of A View from the Bridge which was written by Arthur Miller. A View From The Bridge is a play, so I will be focussing on the dramatic input it had on the audience. People in the 1950’s, when the play was first performed, would react differently to an audience would now. People in the 1950’s lived under a very strict moral code, people were expected to live like a stereotypical American citizen would have. The code was much stricter than the one that exists today. This is shown by â€Å"In your town you wouldn’t just drag off some girl without permission†¦ it ain’t that much different here.† In Italy there was no employment, which meant there was no money to spend even on basic needs like food and water, Marco explains how his 3 children â€Å"eat the sunshine† and because of this many Italians immigrated to America, so that they could live the ‘American Dream’, where people were able to find employment. Women were made to live under moral values and were expected to be homemakers. Beatrice is a very good example of this, ‘I was gonna wash the walls’, men, on the other hand were expected to be the providers, to get money and keep the family stable. They were expected to behave like men, â€Å"Come on Rodolfo, I’ll show you a couple of passes†¦ now watch out here I come, Danish!† Working class men had specific views on sexuality; this is a reason why Eddie and Rodolfo are constantly fighting. Eddie suspects Rodolfo as being a homosexual, because Rodolfo makes dresses, sings and dances, which is not a way a man should be behaving, and because of this behaviour, he calls Rodolfo â€Å"A weird† and tells Alfeiri, â€Å"the guy ain’t right,† Eddie also worries how the other men view him, â€Å"they’re calling him a canary.† The contrast to how they view the more conventional Marco, â€Å"A regular slave† creates a l ot of tension and makes Eddie very anxious. Eddie is the main character of the play, and it is his tragedy that we watch unfold. Eddie works on the docks because he is a longshoreman. He is presented as an ordinary, hardworking provider. â€Å"He was as good as a man as he had to be in a life that was hard and even†¦ he brought home his pay and he lived.† However Alfieri then goes on to say â€Å"Eddie Carbone had never expected to have a destiny. A man works, raises his family, goes bowling, eats, gets old and then dies.† This tells the audience that Eddie is more than meets the eye. Eddie is an Italian-American who is lacking in education, which is portrayed in his speech, â€Å"I’ll treat yiz†, â€Å"you gotta sit down sometimes†. His grammar is often inaccurate â€Å"whyn’t you run down.† Eddie is important to the play because he shows what happens when you betray your family and how it affects him emotionally and physically. If Eddie didn’t exist the family could not survive, as he holds the family together, however Eddie could not survive with his family, which is why the play is so tragic. Eddie relates to the other characters by being something they each need, for Instance he sees himself as a man, a husband, an uncle and a member of a close-knit Italian community. However the audience sees a strong silent type in Eddie, they can see what is going on in Eddies head, they can see he is trying to protect Catherine from other people and himself, â€Å"I guess I just never figured on one thing†¦ that you would ever grow up.† The audience can see Eddie try and rationalise his feelings for Catherine and can see how jealous Eddie is when Catherine is going out with Rodolfo, â€Å"He takes and puts his filthy hands on her like a goddam thief!† Eddie’s feelings for Catherine also impacts on the relationship he has with Beatrice, â€Å"when am I going to be a wife again?† Eddie makes act one dramatic with all the intensity of everything that is going on around him, eg his feelings for Catherine, relationship problems with Beatrice and the hatred of Rodolfo, which leads to Eddie making negative comments, which makes Catherine and Beatrice anxious, as they can see his anger building up. He also starts to criticise Catherine, for example â€Å"what the high heels for Garbo?†. Even though Marco has spoken very little, it is made clear that he is angry at Eddie for disrespecting his brother, so Marco challenges Eddie in lifting a chair above his head, which Marco does successfully but Eddie is unable to do, this gesture warns Eddie, its as if he is saying, if you mess with Rodolfo you mess with me. It also shows how strong Marco is compared to Eddie, which is important as it relates to the end scene. Catherine and Beatrice are important to the play because they are Eddies family, if they weren’t, Beatrice would not have been able to build up so much tension about not being a wife, and neither would Catherine’s falling in love with Rodolfo. This tells us that all the characters contributed something to cause Eddie’s death. Both Beatrice and Catherine are very likeable characters; Catherine acts like a little girl, even though she is 17. She treats Eddie like her father and she is very optimistic in every situation. Beatrice is a much more stable and mature character. She can see what to do in every situation. Being an Italian-American, means that her grammar is often inaccurate. Beatrice is very much based at home and her speech is usually connected with the world, â€Å"I don’t even have nothing to eat for them†, â€Å"what’re you got†. Whereas Catherine, has had more education than Beatrice, but has still grown up in the Italian-American community, which means she still uses a lot of slang and is lively in her speech, â€Å"I’m the best student, he says, and if I want, I should take the job†, â€Å"oh sure, I’m crazy for paper doll†. However, Beatrice and Catherine are different, â€Å"oh Beatrice what should I do?† where young Catherine is uncertain, Beatrice is mature and has a clear view of matters. The audience would feel sorry for them because they are trying to have normal lives, but Eddie brought so much tension, that it affects the whole family. Catherine doesn’t understand why Eddie was so upset with Rodolfo, â€Å"why don’t you like him Eddie?† Beatrice is troubled because she notices that Eddie has feelings for Catherine, but really wants to be Eddie’s wife. â€Å"You want something else Eddie! But you can never have her!† The audience feels sorry for Beatrice after learning that she knows about Eddie’s feelings. Catherine and Beatrice cause a lot of tension, with Catherine desperately wanting to see Rodolfo, but Eddie is reluctant to let her, and Catherine wanting to get a job and to go out more. Beatrice is concerned about her relationship, and the way Catherine acts around Eddie, which leads her to say that she needs to grow up now that she is older. Also Eddie’s reaction to Catherine â€Å"now don’t aggravate me, Katie, you are walking wavy† these are the first signs of trouble. Furthermore, Eddie is not entirely happy with Beatrice’s cousins coming to stay with them. â€Å"I’ll end up on the floor with you, and they’ll be in our bed†, Eddie expects the cousins to be grateful. Eddie then gets even angrier when Rodolfo flirts with Catherine, which is shown to the audience by stage direction – he has been unconsciously twisting the newspaper into a tight roll. Marco and Rodolfo are brothers who come from Italy. Their life in Italy was terrible; Rodolfo had no other family or any money, he was unemployed and could not get a job. Marco has a wife and 3 children. He also had no money because of unemployment, and therefore, both brothers immigrated to America, where they would stay with the Carbone’s. Marco and Rodolfo became longshoremen, and received reasonable pay, of which Marco sent most of it to his family in Italy, and continued to live in America. Rodolfo’s second language is English; this becomes more obvious when he gets flustered or excited. He is enthusiastic and lively in his speech, which reflects his character. â€Å"Me? Yes, forever†¦ I want to go back to Italy when I am rich, and I will buy a motorcycle†, â€Å"Quickly and with a great noise†. Marco lacks education. English is his second language too, â€Å"No, but she understand everything†. He is described as â€Å"A square built peasant†. He is a man of few words, but when Marco is angry, his speech becomes disjointed. â€Å"I work to come here mister†, â€Å"that one!† he speaks very poor English, but still it shows Marco’s contempt for Eddie. Marco is not like Rodolfo, he is not lively but very quiet, and does what he is told. He behaves like a ‘proper’ man. â€Å"He’s a regular slave†. Because of Rodolfo’s liking for singing and dressmaking, Eddie reacts harshly to him. For example, Eddie humiliates Rodolfo in front of Catherine, ‘Eddie pins his arms, laughing, and suddenly kisses him, â€Å"You see?† The audience would have also suspected Rodolfo of being a homosexual and would have despised him and discouraged his behaviour. The conflict between Eddie, Marco and Rodolfo at the end of act one is made very dramatic for the audience. This is cleverly done by the characters and their stage directions, for instance, he transforms what might appear like a glare of warning, into a smile of triumph. This creates a lot of energy from all of the three men, which puts a lot of pressure on Eddie. Alfieri is a lawyer. He is well educated and uses higher register than the other characters, â€Å"I confess that something perversely pure calls to me from his memory.† He is also ‘chatty’ when he addresses the audience: â€Å"you wouldn’t have known it, but something amusing has just happened.† He functions like a Greek chorus; he explains and sometimes warns the audience about the action, he might tell you what happens next. Moreover, he has a dramatic function as a narrator, a commentator and a character that interacts with others. Alfieri connects the play together. He also introduces the main themes, for example he suggests to the audience that the play they are going to watch is not going to be happy. â€Å"Watch its bloody course†. He makes the audience realise that the play is a tragedy and Eddie can not escape his destiny. He also introduces the main comments to the audience, â€Å"settle for half†, â€Å"The law is not a friendly idea † which means he is saying make sure you do anything for your family, which relates to what Eddie talks about when he is telling the story of Vinny Bolzano. He explains that Vinny had an uncle, who was staying with him. However his uncle was an illegal immigrant. So the boy phoned immigration and the uncle was taken back to his country. The boy was never seen again because he was so ashamed of what he had done. His friends and family would not speak to him again. Vinny Bolzano symbolises the loyalty amongst the Italian-American community and the consequence of breaking that trust. In a similar way: the Lipari’s, Louis and mike do the same thing. They were close friends of Eddie in the beginning of the play, â€Å"see ya Louis†, who turn against Eddie once he betrays his family: ‘the crowd has turned to Eddie.’ ‘Louis barely turns then walks off, Eddie calls after Louis and Mike’. In the play he also advises Eddie not to phone immigration, and warns him of the consequences, â€Å"You won’t have a friend in the world Eddie!† This will make the audience think either; that the advice is not appropriate because he is a lawyer. He is connected to the law, and so should make sure Eddie goes by the law. Or the audience might agree with the advice, as they know how important it is that you do anything for your family. .. this scene makes the audience involved by making use their judgement. Lighting is used throughout to make Alfieri’s appearance more dramatic, ‘lights rise on Alfieri’, ‘lights fade on Alfieri’. Arthur Miller uses dramatic irony. For example, when the Immigration Officers appear outside the Carbone’s apartment just as Catherine is arguing with Eddie over where Marco and Rodolfo are going to stay if Eddie throws them out of the building. We know their argument is pointless because the officers are about to pounce. The effect of dramatic irony is to involve us in the action, to make us feel implicated, almost as if we are ourselves characters in the play. Miller is very explicit with his stage directions. He describes in detail how he wants the set to appear and exactly how characters are to say each line, i.e. ‘With deep alarm’. Miller also uses stage directions to hint that there is a sexual attraction between Eddie and Catherine â€Å"He looks at [Catherine] like a lost boy†. Furthermore, the actions towards Rodolfo show the audience that Catherine is slipping away from Eddie, â€Å"He’s a rat! He belongs in the sewer!† The dramatic devices, techniques and stage craft make the play very dramatic. The skilful use of these, build up intensity between the characters, which in turn causes hatred and jealousy. It shows us today how fortunate we are compared to the lives back then; as women and men were not allowed to be different, and had to live by strict moral values. This also shows us how bad some peoples lives were in the 1950’s and illustrates how bad life was in Italy. Today, the audience would act differently; this is because it is now acceptable to be unique and to be homosexual, nowadays people wouldn’t be so judgemental. I think the play is good because it so emotive. It highlights how bad life can be, and even when you are tempted not to, to still look after your family, and do everything you can for them, as betrayal, (a major theme in the play),has been proved to sometimes have fatal consequences. â€Å"A View from the Bridge† Essay There are a few interpretations of what the title could mean: an overview, a bridge between characters, Catherine’s bridge between girl and woman, a bridge between two worlds (America and Italy) and Eddie’s change of character. Alfieri is an outsider, his view is ‘from the bridge’; he comments on Eddies’ progress as a storyteller, â€Å"I could have finished the whole story that afternoon†¦I could see every step coming.† (p50) This is what Alfieri says after Eddie comes to see him. He is the narrator and is quite similar to the chorus in a Greek Tragedy. Characters also make ‘bridges’ or connections between other characters. For example, throughout the first act we see that Beatrice is the bridge between Catherine and Eddie and she still is on page 80 when she insists that Eddie attend the wedding when Catherine does not care. Also, Eddie dislikes Rodolpho and Catherine bridges that gap and tries to persuade Eddie to her point of view, â€Å"What’re you got against him?†¦He only blesses you.†(40) Catherine’s growing up is a bridge as well: â€Å"I’m not a baby†¦Beatrice says to be a woman,† (62) In this scene she also asks Rodolpho to teach her and they venture towards the bedroom, she emerges to speak to Eddie adjusting her dress. An innocence of virginity is seen. The audience also sees a bridge in Catherine’s job (18), with her growing up and changing from the rough area of the docks to something more ‘up market’. The title could also mean bridging the gap between two cultures, America and Italy. The Italian way of life is very much based on unwritten rules of  honour and trust, the American justice system is written in stone, â€Å"MARCO:†¦All the law is not in a book. ALFIERI: Yes. In a book. There is no other law.† (78) Eddie lived an Italian/American way of life, Alfieri says in the first scene that the law was often broken for ‘justice’ (12); Eddie does not want this for Catherine, he wants her to have The American Dream – going from poor slums to rich and successful in one generation. The American culture of Brooklyn generates from the dirty docks. The bad living conditions and poor way of life do not seem fit for Catherine and Eddie wants to change that. Eddie and his longshoremen friends are very hard in there own way, they have very good intents, but their way of going about it shows very little awareness of the outside world. The troubles of the whole play originated from the docks and Eddie’s generosity in taking the Italians in to stay. This is illegal and he is bringing back the culture that Alfieri introduces as having changed for the better, â€Å"Now we settle for half [the law] and I like it better.†(12) Eddie at the start of the play is very hard-working and protective; he wants Catherine to have the American Dream that he never had; he is generous – he lets the cousins come to stay, caring and sensitive; he has the Italian values of loyalty and the family as one being. This changes through the play. The audience sees his change of character in such things as the threat from Rodolpho and his brother. On page 27 Eddie disagrees with Marco’s offer that â€Å"If you say ‘go’, we go.† On page 48 Eddie refuses Alfieri’s idea that the only way to rid himself of the threat of Rodolpho is to report them: â€Å"Oh Jesus no, I wouldn’t do nothin’ like that†¦Ã¢â‚¬  On page 67 he finally rings Immigration to report his cousins, a change of attitude completely. This change is the ‘bridge’ in Eddie’s story.